Genetic Variation and Polymorphisms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism that regulates the rate of mutation in organisms?

  • Genetic factors (correct)
  • Environmental conditions
  • Induced mutations
  • Spontaneous mutations
  • Which of the following is a common cause of induced mutations?

  • Replication errors
  • Ultraviolet light exposure (correct)
  • Cellular metabolism
  • Spontaneous mutations
  • Which of the following is NOT a reason why mutations are essential for organisms?

  • Mutations provide new genetic variability
  • Mutations disrupt the faithful transfer of genetic information (correct)
  • Mutations allow organisms to adapt to new environments
  • Mutations introduce diversity into a population
  • Which of the following is a key function of DNA repair mechanisms in organisms?

    <p>To ensure the accurate replication of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a frameshift mutation?

    <p>A shift in the reading frame of the genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do spontaneous mutations typically differ from induced mutations in terms of frequency?

    <p>Induced mutations occur at much higher frequencies than spontaneous mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of disorders are often referred to as Mendelian?

    <p>Monogenic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do polymorphisms differ from monogenic disorders?

    <p>Polymorphisms result from contributions of multiple genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collecting DNA samples from individuals in population studies?

    <p>To compare variants among diseased and non-diseased individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of searching for genes in population studies?

    <p>Comparing DNA samples with healthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is employed in tracking down genes that increase the risk of multigenic diseases like diabetes?

    <p>Conducting population studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are SNPs useful in population studies related to genetic diseases?

    <p>They help identify common variants among diseased individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the sequence variants that coexist in the population and are common?

    <p>Polymorphisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, how many nucleotide pairs, on average, differ between any two individuals when comparing their genomes?

    <p>1 nucleotide pair in 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blocks consist of certain DNA sequences inherited in linked groups with little genetic rearrangement over generations?

    <p>Haplotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the substitution of a single nucleotide, which is common in the human population?

    <p>Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the formation of haplotype blocks due to the crossover of homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the different forms of a gene that exist at a particular locus?

    <p>Alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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