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Genes vs
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Genes vs

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Questions and Answers

Which one of these is a teratogen?

  • A prescribed medication
  • A street drug
  • Alcohol use
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What factors influence the effect of teratogens?

  • Timing of exposure
  • Intensity and duration of exposure
  • Number of other harmful influences
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which of the following is a harmful environmental factor to prenatal development?

  • Age of mothers
  • Domestic violence
  • Weight gain
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What can the mother do to assure the well-being of the fetus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must recessive genes be paired with in order to be expressed?

    <p>Another recessive gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetics, what is always expressed in phenotype?

    <p>Dominant genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some genetic abnormalities?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Complex issues can be systematically organized for preventive programs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory?

    <p>Emphasizes social interaction in development and the concept of the zone of proximal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. No one theory of human development is universally accepted.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Simple physical characteristics, such as height, are almost totally determined by genetics.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Genetic influences start from the point of conception, and environmental influences start from the point of birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. If a mother continues to drink moderately during pregnancy, there will be a definite impact on the development of her baby.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'nature versus nurture'?

    <p>The debate between genetics and environment in determining human behavior and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the relationship between genetic factors and physical characteristics?

    <p>Genetic factors strongly influence but do not determine all physical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the heredity position known as nativism?

    <p>It assumes that individual differences are due to each person's unique genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the concept of maturation?

    <p>It governs physical development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an extreme nature position in psychology?

    <p>Bowlby's theory of attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the environmentalist position in psychology?

    <p>It assumes that at birth, the human mind is a blank slate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the influence of nurture on child development?

    <p>Nurture governs only the biologically significant aspects of child development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the interaction between nature and nurture?

    <p>Nature and nurture interact in qualitatively different ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major medication used during childbirth that has positive effects for the mother but may cause drowsiness and decreased responsiveness for the baby?

    <p>Analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications used during childbirth has no reported negative effects on the baby?

    <p>Local anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications used during childbirth allows the mother to remain awake and aware, can be used for either vaginal or caesarean birth, and is highly effective in eliminating pain?

    <p>Spinal anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications used during childbirth blocks the mother's sense of position and tension, but has no reported negative effects on the baby?

    <p>Epidural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Apgar scale?

    <p>A system of rating newborns' health based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: The brain controls an infant's states of sleep and wakefulness, as well as the amount of internal and external stimulation experienced.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: With physical maturation, there is eventually less nighttime fussiness with infants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is non-REM sleep?

    <p>A relatively quiet, deep period of sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is REM sleep?

    <p>A relatively active period of sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following motor skills typically develops first in infants?

    <p>Rolling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the ulnar grasp is true?

    <p>It is a clumsy grasping with fingers closing against the palm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Motor development in infants can be influenced by cultural practices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an element of cognition?

    <p>Physical coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about newborn infants' vision?

    <p>Newborn infants lack acuity in their vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. By six months, infants' visual acuity is near adult level.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Infants show a preference for human faces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Most infants are born with the ability to hear.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex helps maintain posture in a changing environment and remains for life?

    <p>Head Righting Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the Segmental Rolling Reflex typically emerge?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex develops from 7 months and is a protective movement in response to changes in center of gravity?

    <p>Parachute Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex disappears by 6 months and is elicited by dropping the infant's head backward?

    <p>Moro Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, what is the final stage of sensorimotor thought?

    <p>Stage 6: Symbolic thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term Piaget used to describe the psychological structures or organized patterns of actions that help the baby make sense of and adapt to the environment?

    <p>Schemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive stage are infants in according to Piaget?

    <p>Sensorimotor Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term Piaget used to describe the process of interpreting new experiences and incorporating this knowledge into existing schemes?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a positive effect of general anesthesia for the mother during childbirth?

    <p>Easily administered, rapid onset of effect; anesthetic of choice in emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of an infant at birth?

    <p>Red skin, vernix, lanugo, elongated head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Apgar scale?

    <p>A system of rating newborns' health based on heart rate, strength of breathing, muscle tone, color, and reflex irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: With physical maturation, there is eventually less nighttime fussiness with infants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of object constancy?

    <p>Shape constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about depth perception?

    <p>Depth perception refers to the sense of how far away objects are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand how individuals perceive sounds and discriminate among sounds?

    <p>Infants can locate sounds at just two months old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sensorimotor intelligence according to Piaget?

    <p>Thinking that occurs by way of sensory perceptions and motor actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes accommodation in the context of cognitive development?

    <p>Modifying existing schemes to fit new experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does language acquisition involve?

    <p>Mastering language structures and learning how language is used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phonology?

    <p>The sounds of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically begin babbling?

    <p>Between 4 and 8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phonemes does English have?

    <p>41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interplay of assimilation and accommodation important for?

    <p>Symbolization of objects and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex helps ensure that the head maintains a midline position despite movements of other parts of the body?

    <p>Head Righting Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the Parachute Reflex typically develop?

    <p>7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex allows rolling, sitting, crawling, and standing?

    <p>Segmental Rolling Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is a protective movement in response to changes in the center of gravity?

    <p>Parachute Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about newborn infants' visual acuity?

    <p>Newborn infants have poor visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants show a preference for human faces?

    <p>2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Most infants are born with the ability to hear.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are primitive reflexes?

    <p>Automatic responses to specific stimuli exhibited by normal infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a motor skill that typically develops around 5-9 months of age?

    <p>Rolling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Differences in motor development across cultures can be linked to different child rearing practices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognition?

    <p>Methods for gaining knowledge about the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is perception?

    <p>Immediate interpretation of sensations through the senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is object constancy?

    <p>The ability to perceive objects as remaining the same despite changes in sensory input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depth perception?

    <p>The ability to judge the distance of objects from each other and from ourselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do infants think about what they see or just register what they see?

    <p>Infants think about what they see</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sensorimotor intelligence?

    <p>Thinking that occurs through sensory perceptions and motor actions in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, what is the main characteristic of the Sensory Motor stage?

    <p>Focus on the baby's own body and movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Primary Circular Reactions in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Focus on the baby's own body and movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Secondary Circular Reactions in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Repetitions motivated by external objects and events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Object Permanence in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Ability to search for hidden objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Apgar scale?

    <p>It was developed in the 1950s by Dr. Virginia Apgar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes REM sleep?

    <p>A relatively active period of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the effects of general anesthesia on the baby during childbirth?

    <p>It decreases alertness and responsiveness following birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the appearance of an infant at birth?

    <p>The skin may be red and there may be vernix and lanugo present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes accommodation in the context of cognitive development?

    <p>Modifying existing schemes to fit new experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Imitation may reflect the infant's need to communicate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does language acquisition involve?

    <p>Mastering language structures (sound &amp; organization)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phonology?

    <p>The sounds of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do infants typically begin babbling?

    <p>Between 4 and 8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phonemes does the English language have?

    <p>41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about newborn infants' visual acuity is true?

    <p>Newborn infants have poor visual acuity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Infants show a preference for non-human faces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Most infants are born with the ability to hear.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of primitive reflex?

    <p>Babinski reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a milestone in motor development that typically occurs around 4 months of age?

    <p>Rolling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Changes in a baby's heart rate can indicate variations in their arousal, alertness, and contentment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Infants' thinking (cognition) involves language to the same extent as children and adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of habituation in infants?

    <p>Decrease in heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex disappears by 6 months and is elicited by dropping the infant's head backward?

    <p>Moro Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the Parachute Reflex typically develop?

    <p>7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Gross Motor Skill?

    <p>Crawling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that the upper parts of the body become usable and skillful before the lower parts of the body do?

    <p>Cephalocaudal Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a positive effect of general anesthesia for the mother during childbirth?

    <p>Easily administered and rapid onset of effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of an infant at birth?

    <p>Red skin, vernix, lanugo, elongated head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Apgar scale?

    <p>A system for rating newborns' health based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Sleep enables infants to shut out external stimulation and obtain general physical rest.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is accommodation in the context of infant development?

    <p>Modifying existing schemes to fit new experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False. Imitation may reflect the infant's need to communicate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does language acquisition involve?

    <p>Mastering language structures and learning how language is used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phonology?

    <p>The sounds of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically begin babbling?

    <p>Between 4 and 8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phonemes does English have?

    <p>41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is object constancy?

    <p>Perception that an object remains the same despite changes in sensations it sends to the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depth perception?

    <p>Sense of how far away objects are or appear to be and the ability to judge the distance between objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do infants think about what they see or just register what they see?

    <p>Infants think about what they see, rather than just register what they see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand how individuals perceive sounds and discriminate among sounds?

    <p>It makes a crucial difference in the acquisition of language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, at what age do infants enter the stage of symbolic thought?

    <p>18-24 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the Stage 4: Coordination of secondary schemes in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Systematic application of previously acquired actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of interpreting new experiences and incorporating that knowledge into existing schemes?

    <p>Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Stage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions and Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Repetitions motivated by external objects and events vs. intentional investigation of novel objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

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