Generations of Programming Language at Dijlah University

Types of Programming Languages

• Low-level programming languages provide little or no abstraction from a computer's microprocessor.
• High-level programming languages are more abstract, easier to use, and more portable across platforms.

First Generation of Programming Language (1GL)

• Machine language is a set of instructions and data that a computer's central processing unit can execute directly.
• Machine language statements are written in binary code, and each statement corresponds to one machine action.

Second Generation of Programming Language (2GL)

• Assembly language is the human-readable notation for machine language used to control specific computer operations.
• Assembly language programmers write instructions using symbolic instruction codes that are meaningful abbreviations or mnemonics.
• An assembler is a program that translates assembly language into machine language.

Third Generation of Programming Language (3GL)

• Third generation programming languages, or procedural languages, use a series of English-like words to write instructions.
• High-level programming languages make complex programming simpler and easier to read, write, and maintain.
• Examples of third generation programming languages include PASCAL, FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C, and C++.
• Programs written in a high-level programming language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or interpreter.

Fourth Generation of Programming Language (4GL)

• The fourth generation programming language, or non-procedural language, enables users to access data in a database.
• A very high-level programming language is often referred to as goal-oriented programming language because it is usually limited to a very specific application.
• Examples of fourth generation programming languages include MSQL, NOMAD, and FOCUS.

Fifth Generation of Programming Language (5GL)

• The fifth generation programming language, or visual programming language, is also known as natural language.
• Fifth generation programming provides a visual or graphical interface called a visual programming environment for creating source codes.
• Fifth generation programming allows people to interact with computers without needing any specialized knowledge.
• Python is a well-known fifth-generation language.

Explore the different generations of programming languages, from low-level to high-level languages. Learn about machine language, assembly language, and more abstract programming languages. Join Assit.t Azhair Alani in understanding the evolution of programming languages at Dijlah University.