General Study Notes Quiz

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What does a dataset observation in a large-n correlational analysis involve?

It involves collecting numerous data points from many cases to find patterns or relationships between different factors.

How does causal process observation differ from dataset observation?

Causal process observation focuses on finding evidence that explains why an event occurred, unlike dataset observation which looks for patterns among different variables.

Define reactive sequence in the context of the Soviet regime.

A reactive sequence refers to a series of actions taken by Soviet leadership in response to specific challenges or crises.

What role did Stalin's purges play in the durability of the Soviet regime?

Stalin's purges were a reactive response to perceived threats that eliminated opposition and reinforced his power, thus contributing to the regime's durability. Signup and view all the answers

After Lenin's death, how did Stalin position himself to succeed as leader?

Stalin used his role as General Secretary to gain supporters and consolidate his power, facilitating his rise to leadership. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the Soviet Union's responses to Western pressure during the Cold War contribute to its authority?

The Soviet regime built up its military and employed propaganda to counter Western influence, which helped maintain its authority. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by Soviet durability?

Soviet durability refers to the regime's ability to remain in power for nearly 70 years despite various internal and external challenges. Signup and view all the answers

Can you provide an example of evidence used in causal process observation?

Examples include fingerprints or witness accounts in criminal investigations, or symptoms and test results in medical diagnostics. Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to democratization after an authoritarian regime collapses?

Democratization can occur when an authoritarian regime breaks down and is replaced by a democratic system. Signup and view all the answers

How does authoritarian durability affect democratization?

Authoritarian durability blocks democratization by allowing the regime to maintain power and prevent democratic changes. Signup and view all the answers

Describe one way an authoritarian regime can collapse from within.

An authoritarian regime can collapse from within through elite defection, where key leaders or military officials turn against the government. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'state violence' refer to in the context of authoritarian regimes?

State violence refers to the use of force by a government, such as the military or police, to control its citizens and suppress dissent. Signup and view all the answers

How can inconsistent repression impact public protests against an authoritarian regime?

Inconsistent repression can lead to more protests because citizens cannot predict government responses, fostering a sense of uncertainty. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in the democratization process in Zambia during the 1990s?

A key factor was elite defection, where high-ranking officials joined the opposition against President Kenneth Kaunda. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the potential consequences of excessive state violence on an authoritarian regime's control.

Excessive state violence can cause the government to lose control if security forces refuse to obey or if public support diminishes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of elite defection in the context of ending authoritarian rule?

Elite defection is significant because it can destabilize an authoritarian regime and encourage democratic transitions by weakening the ruling party. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Mao Zedong play in the success of the Chinese Communist Party?

Mao Zedong's leadership, vision, and ability to inspire the masses were key to the CCP's success. Signup and view all the answers

What were the main challenges faced by the CCP in the 1920s and 1930s?

The CCP struggled with lack of support, internal disagreements, and limited resources, making it difficult to fight against the KMT. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Hunan Report influence the CCP's approach to the rural population?

The Hunan Report highlighted the struggles of peasants, leading the CCP to focus on land reform to gain their support. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of land reform on the support for the CCP?

Land reform allowed the CCP to redistribute land from rich landowners to poor peasants, garnering significant peasant support. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the fusion between the Chinese military and the CCP?

The close cooperation between the military and the CCP enhanced organizational strength and unity, crucial for defeating enemies. Signup and view all the answers

What were struggle sessions and their purpose in Mao's regime?

Struggle sessions were public events where perceived enemies were humiliated to force their loyalty to Mao and the Communist Party. Signup and view all the answers

What goals did Mao Zedong have with the Great Leap Forward, and what was its outcome?

Mao aimed to rapidly industrialize China through the Great Leap Forward, but it resulted in severe food shortages and millions of deaths. Signup and view all the answers

What was Peng Dehuai's role during the Great Leap Forward?

Peng Dehuai was a military leader who initially supported Mao's plan but later spoke out against it due to the resulting famine. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Northern Expedition led by Chiang Kai-shek?

The main purpose of the Northern Expedition was to unify China by defeating warlords and establishing a central government. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mao Zedong and what was his role in the Chinese Civil War?

Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and he played a crucial role in leading the communists to victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Long March and what significance did it have for the CCP?

The Long March was a 9,000-kilometer journey undertaken by the CCP to escape the KMT army, symbolizing their determination and aiding in Mao's rise to leadership. Signup and view all the answers

How did the miseries of the peasants contribute to the rise of the Chinese Communist Party?

The miseries of the peasants, including poverty and land exploitation, drove them to support the CCP, which promised land reform and improvement of their conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What role did state weakness play in the 1949 Chinese Revolution?

The state weakness of the KMT, marked by corruption and inability to solve pressing problems, facilitated the rise of the CCP. Signup and view all the answers

What international challenge significantly weakened the KMT during the 1940s?

The Japanese invasion during World War II presented a significant international challenge that weakened the KMT's power and resources. Signup and view all the answers

What were the key strategies employed by the Chinese Communist Party to gain peasant support?

The CCP gained peasant support through organization, promises of land reform, and addressing their grievances. Signup and view all the answers

What were the consequences of the Northern Expedition for the relationship between the KMT and the CCP?

The Northern Expedition led to an initial alliance between the KMT and CCP, but ultimately resulted in their enmity and the onset of the Chinese Civil War. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a political revolution from a social revolution?

A political revolution involves a fundamental change in government or political system, while a social revolution entails a radical transformation in society's structure, culture, and norms. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by relative deprivation in the context of revolution?

Relative deprivation refers to the feeling of unhappiness individuals experience when they perceive that others have more or better resources than they do. Signup and view all the answers

Explain Mancur Olson's collective action problem in relation to revolutions.

Mancur Olson's collective action problem describes why individuals often fail to cooperate in groups, as they may rely on others to take action, leading to a lack of participation. Signup and view all the answers

Identify Skocpol’s structural theory of revolution and its key components.

Skocpol's structural theory posits that revolutions occur due to a weak state, a cohesive peasantry, and international pressures. Signup and view all the answers

What role do leaders play in voluntarist theories of revolution?

In voluntarist theories, leaders are crucial as they guide and inspire revolutionary movements, organizing efforts and shaping the goals of uprisings. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference between the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks regarding their approach to socialism?

The Mensheviks favored a slower, democratic path to socialism, while the Bolsheviks advocated for immediate and radical change. Signup and view all the answers

Define the independent variable (IV) in the context of revolutionary studies.

The independent variable (IV) is the factor that is changed or controlled to observe its effects on a dependent variable in revolutionary studies. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the diffusion of revolutionary ideas?

Diffusion of revolutionary ideas refers to the spread of revolutionary concepts, tactics, or movements from one region or group to another, inspiring similar actions. Signup and view all the answers

What were the key demands outlined in Lenin's April Theses?

Lenin's April Theses called for an immediate end to the war, land redistribution to peasants, and the transfer of power to the Soviets. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the implications of the free rider problem for collective action in revolutions.

The free rider problem implies that individuals may benefit from collective efforts without contributing, which can hinder overall participation and the effectiveness of revolutionary movements. Signup and view all the answers

How did General Lavr Kornilov's attempted coup impact the Provisional Government?

Kornilov's failed coup weakened the Provisional Government and increased support for the Bolsheviks. Signup and view all the answers

Why was Lenin considered crucial to the Bolshevik Revolution?

Lenin provided strong leadership, a clear vision, and unity that were essential for the Bolsheviks to seize power. Signup and view all the answers

What role did peasants play in the Bolshevik Party's rise to power?

Peasants supported the Bolsheviks due to their promises of land redistribution, which was pivotal for gaining popular support. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did World War I contribute to the Russian Revolution?

World War I exacerbated Russia's economic and social problems, leading to unrest that fueled the February Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Define falsifiability and its significance in scientific theories.

Falsifiability is the concept that a theory must be able to be proven false; it is significant because it distinguishes scientific theories from non-scientific ones. Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of some peasants after the Bolshevik Revolution regarding land promises?

Some peasants became dissatisfied with the Bolsheviks, leading to uprisings when they felt the promises of land were unfulfilled or too controlling. Signup and view all the answers

Democratization

The process of a country transitioning from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one.

Authoritarian Durability

The ability of an authoritarian regime to maintain its power and control over time.

Authoritarian Breakdown (From Within)

A regime that collapses or breaks down due to internal factors, such as elite defection or military coups.