Questions and Answers
What is the definition of Psychology?
What is a Theory?
A general principle or set of principles proposed to explain how a number of separate facts are related.
What is a Hypothesis?
A testable prediction about the conditions under which a particular behavior or mental process may occur.
What is the Independent Variable?
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What is the Dependent Variable?
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What does Correlation mean?
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What does the SQ3R Method stand for?
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What are the steps in The Scientific Method?
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Who is considered the Father of Psychology?
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What does Cognitive Psychology focus on?
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What does Evolutionary Psychology study?
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What does the APA code of Ethics do?
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What is Psychoanalysis?
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Who are the early humanists in psychology?
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What does Biological Psychology examine?
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What is the Sociocultural Approach?
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What is the focus of Humanistic Psychology?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Psychology
- Psychology: Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
- Theory: A principle that explains how separate facts are related.
- Hypothesis: A testable prediction regarding behavior or mental processes.
Experimental Terminology
- Independent Variable: Factor manipulated in experiments to assess its impact on another variable.
- Dependent Variable: Measured factor presumed to change as a result of the independent variable's manipulation.
- Correlation: Mutual relationship between two or more elements.
The Scientific Method
- Step 1: Observe and theorize about phenomena.
- Step 2: Formulate a hypothesis based on observations.
- Step 3: Design a study for testing hypotheses.
- Step 4: Collect data to evaluate hypotheses.
- Step 5: Analyze and apply results to the hypothesis.
Study Techniques
- SQ3R Method: A study strategy that includes Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review; promotes efficient study and time management, enhancing control over learning.
Historical Perspectives
- Wilhelm Wundt: The Father of Psychology, introduced introspection as a method for exploration of conscious experience.
- Cognitive Psychology: Views humans as active participants in their environment, focuses on mental processes, and is influenced by Gestalt and information-processing psychology.
Psychological Approaches
- Evolutionary Psychology: Studies behavioral adaptations to environmental pressures, rooted in Darwin's natural selection theory.
- Biological Psychology: Investigates links between specific behaviors and biological processes, often within neuroscience.
- Sociocultural Approach: Highlights the impact of social and cultural contexts on behavior, emphasizing a systems perspective.
Ethical Guidelines
- APA Code of Ethics: Ensures the protection of human and animal rights in research, promotes scientific inquiry, mandates compliance with laws, and requires supervision of animal care.
Theoretical Frameworks
- Psychoanalysis: Freud's theory emphasizing unconscious influences on thoughts and behaviors, with Neo-Freudians developing alternative theories.
- Humanistic Psychology: Emphasizes human uniqueness, capacity for growth, and individual choice, associated with early theorists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this quiz on key concepts from Chapter 1 of General Psychology. It covers fundamental terms such as psychology, theory, and hypothesis. Enhance your understanding of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.