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Questions and Answers
What type of genetic material do prokaryotic cells typically possess?
What type of genetic material do prokaryotic cells typically possess?
- Circular DNA (correct)
- Single-stranded DNA
- Linear DNA
- Double-stranded RNA
What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells regarding DNA?
What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells regarding DNA?
- Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA
- Eukaryotic cells have no introns
- Eukaryotic DNA does not undergo replication
- Eukaryotic cells perform post-transcriptional processing (correct)
Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells?
- Contains multiple linear chromosomes
- Cell wall made of peptidoglycan (correct)
- Undergoes mitosis for reproduction
- Presence of membrane-bound organelles
Which answer describes a common process in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Which answer describes a common process in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
What is the significance of histones in eukaryotic cells?
What is the significance of histones in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true regarding the size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true regarding the size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic organism?
Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic organism?
What type of reproduction is commonly associated with prokaryotic cells?
What type of reproduction is commonly associated with prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following best describes a prokaryotic cell?
Which of the following best describes a prokaryotic cell?
What is one significant characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
What is one significant characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Which domains of life primarily consist of prokaryotic organisms?
Which domains of life primarily consist of prokaryotic organisms?
In what way can prokaryotic organisms be described in terms of metabolic diversity?
In what way can prokaryotic organisms be described in terms of metabolic diversity?
What analogy is used to describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell?
What analogy is used to describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell?
Which of the following organisms is classified under Domain Eukarya?
Which of the following organisms is classified under Domain Eukarya?
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells primarily differ?
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells primarily differ?
Which statement about eukaryotic cells is NOT true?
Which statement about eukaryotic cells is NOT true?
What is the primary method of reproduction in most prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary method of reproduction in most prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements about DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is true?
Which of the following statements about DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is true?
What distinguishes the shape of DNA in prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes the shape of DNA in prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
How do individual cells reproduce in eukaryotic organisms?
How do individual cells reproduce in eukaryotic organisms?
In which location does DNA replication occur in prokaryotic cells?
In which location does DNA replication occur in prokaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells during the process of reproduction?
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells during the process of reproduction?
Which reproduces through meiosis?
Which reproduces through meiosis?
What is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell size?
What is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell size?
What is one reason mutations are more common in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells?
What is one reason mutations are more common in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells?
Which characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Which characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a feature differentiating prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a feature differentiating prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is a notable aspect of DNA replication in prokaryotic cells?
What is a notable aspect of DNA replication in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?
Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?
What type of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?
What type of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?
Where can ribosomes be located in eukaryotic cells?
Where can ribosomes be located in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements is true regarding prokaryotic ribosomes?
Which of the following statements is true regarding prokaryotic ribosomes?
What is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
What is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
Which cellular structure is directly involved in protein synthesis within eukaryotic cells?
Which cellular structure is directly involved in protein synthesis within eukaryotic cells?
Which organelles contain 70S ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Which organelles contain 70S ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What structure is absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells?
What structure is absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Types: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- Two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic, analogous to different types of housing.
- Prokaryotic cells are like studio apartments, lacking organelles and compartments.
- Eukaryotic cells resemble mansions, featuring various compartments for specialized functions.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Found in organisms within the domains Archaea and Bacteria.
- Metabolically diverse; capable of utilizing varying nutrients and energy sources.
- Can inhabit extreme environments on Earth.
- Simple structure: no nucleus, generally smaller in size compared to eukaryotic cells.
- Circular DNA and typically a single chromosome.
- Reproduce mainly via binary fission.
- Ribosomes are 70S, located free in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Comprising organisms in the domain Eukarya, including protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
- More complex structure with a defined nucleus and multiple organelles.
- Have structured DNA organized into chromosomes, often multiple per cell.
- Larger cell size compared to prokaryotes, with an endomembrane system.
- Reproduce via mitosis (sexual) or meiosis (asexual).
- Ribosomes are 80S, found in various locations such as the endoplasmic reticulum.
Key Distinguishing Features
- Nucleus: Present in eukaryotic cells; absent in prokaryotic cells.
- Endomembrane System: Extensive in eukaryotes; simple or nonexistent in prokaryotes.
- Cell Wall Composition: Prokaryotic cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan; plant cell walls contain cellulose.
- DNA Structure: Prokaryotic DNA is usually circular; eukaryotic DNA is linear and associated with histone proteins.
- Size: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger (~10-100 µm) than prokaryotic cells (~0.1-5.0 µm).
DNA Replication and Gene Expression
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DNA Replication:
- Eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication; occurs in the nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells have a single origin of replication; it happens in the cytoplasm.
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Transcription and Translation:
- Eukaryotic cells carry out post-transcriptional modifications.
- Prokaryotic cells do not have introns, leading to simpler transcription processes.
Practical Application
- Understanding the differences between these cell types is crucial for fields such as microbiology, genetics, and medicine.
Key Takeaway
- Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ significantly in structure, genetics, and reproduction, each playing vital roles in their respective ecosystems.
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