General Biology 1 Module 14: Calvin Cycle

Photosynthesis Overview

• The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast in a plant cell.

Raw Materials for the Calvin Cycle

• The Calvin Cycle requires carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH as raw materials.

Role of Stomata

• The primary role of stomata is to regulate the exchange of gases, including the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen, during photosynthesis.

Regulation of Stomata

• The guard cells are responsible for regulating the opening and closing of stomata.

Function of Palisade Layer

• The main function of the palisade layer is to contain a high concentration of chloroplasts, allowing for maximum photosynthesis.

Carbon Dioxide Source

• The source of carbon dioxide for the Calvin Cycle is the atmosphere, which enters the plant through the stomata.

Carbon Fixation

• The substance used to fix carbon dioxide during the light-independent reaction is RuBP (Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate).

Calvin Cycle Requirements

• The raw materials required for the Calvin Cycle are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.

First Stable Product of Photosynthesis

• The first stable product of photosynthesis is 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

By-Products of the Calvin Cycle

• The by-products of the Calvin Cycle are glucose, ATP, and NADPH.

Light-Dependent Reaction Products

• The products of the light-dependent reaction that pass into the light-independent reaction are ATP and NADPH.

Carboxylation

• Carboxylation occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast in photosynthesis.
• The enzyme RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase) triggers carboxylation in photosynthesis.
• Carboxylation occurs in the light-independent reaction phase of photosynthesis.
• The main function of RuBisCO in photosynthesis is to catalyze the carboxylation reaction, fixing carbon dioxide into a 3-carbon molecule.
• The immediate product of carboxylation in photosynthesis is a 3-carbon molecule, 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).