General Biology 1 Module 14: Calvin Cycle

Photosynthesis Overview

• The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast in a plant cell.

Raw Materials for the Calvin Cycle

• The Calvin Cycle requires carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH as raw materials.

Role of Stomata

• The primary role of stomata is to regulate the exchange of gases, including the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen, during photosynthesis.

Regulation of Stomata

• The guard cells are responsible for regulating the opening and closing of stomata.

Function of Palisade Layer

• The main function of the palisade layer is to contain a high concentration of chloroplasts, allowing for maximum photosynthesis.

Carbon Dioxide Source

• The source of carbon dioxide for the Calvin Cycle is the atmosphere, which enters the plant through the stomata.

Carbon Fixation

• The substance used to fix carbon dioxide during the light-independent reaction is RuBP (Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate).

Calvin Cycle Requirements

• The raw materials required for the Calvin Cycle are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH.

First Stable Product of Photosynthesis

• The first stable product of photosynthesis is 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

By-Products of the Calvin Cycle

• The by-products of the Calvin Cycle are glucose, ATP, and NADPH.

Light-Dependent Reaction Products

• The products of the light-dependent reaction that pass into the light-independent reaction are ATP and NADPH.

Carboxylation

• Carboxylation occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast in photosynthesis.
• The enzyme RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase) triggers carboxylation in photosynthesis.
• Carboxylation occurs in the light-independent reaction phase of photosynthesis.
• The main function of RuBisCO in photosynthesis is to catalyze the carboxylation reaction, fixing carbon dioxide into a 3-carbon molecule.
• The immediate product of carboxylation in photosynthesis is a 3-carbon molecule, 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

Explore the process of photosynthesis in plants and the specific role of the Calvin cycle in producing food. Understand the importance of plants as autotrophs and their ability to convert energy from the sun into food.