Photosynthesis and Calvin Cycle Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of photosystem II in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

  • Transfer electrons to photosystem I
  • Release oxygen into the atmosphere
  • Produce ATP molecules
  • Capture light energy, create a hydrogen ion gradient, and split water (correct)

    • Which molecules are embedded in the reaction center of photosystem II?

  • Various proteins
  • Accessory pigment molecules
  • Specialized chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor molecule (correct)
  • Electron-carrier molecules

    • What is the role of the thylakoid membranes in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

  • Location for the Calvin cycle
  • Site for the light reactions and contain photosystems with electron transport chains (correct)
  • Regulation of water and carbon dioxide intake
  • Storage of glucose molecules

    • What is the order in which the photosystems operate during the light reactions?

    <p>Photosystem II first, then photosystem I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of replacement electrons for photosystem II?

    <p>Splitting of water by an enzyme associated with photosystem II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the waste product produced during the water-splitting process in photosystem II?

    <p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the generation of ATP through chemiosmosis?

    <p>Passage of energized electron from photosystem II through an electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product generated by the second electron transport chain after receiving the energized electron from photosystem I?

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2?

    <p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can disrupt carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>Photorespiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway converts CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH?

    <p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial source of energy for the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photosystem II in the light reactions?

    <p>Capture energy from light and split water to release electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does photosystem I absorb during the light reactions?

    <p>Light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of cyclic photophosphorylation?

    <p>ATP production using energy from light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

    <p>Conversion of CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosystem II is the first photosystem to operate during the light reactions of photosynthesis

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thylakoid membranes contain only one type of photosystem, called photosystem II

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The light reactions begin when photons of light are absorbed by pigment molecules clustered in photosystem I

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary electron acceptor molecule in the reaction center of photosystem II is embedded in a complex of proteins

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During non-cyclic photophosphorylation, ATP is generated through chemiosmosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The splitting of water by an enzyme associated with photosystem II releases O2 and hydrogen ions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energized electron from photosystem I is passed to a second ETC to generate ATP.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle involves the synthesis of G3P from CO2 and the regeneration of RuBP.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photorespiration is a process that enhances the rate of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle converts CO2 into G3P using only ATP as an energy source.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosystem II includes a water-splitting enzyme that produces CO2 as a waste product.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energized electron from photosystem II travels through an electron transport chain to generate a NADPH gradient.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle begins and ends with the same three-carbon molecule, RuBP.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of photosystem II in the light reactions of photosynthesis is to capture energy from light and boost electrons to the primary electron acceptor.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle can be disrupted by photorespiration, a wasteful process reducing the rate of carbon fixation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energized electron from photosystem I is passed to a second ETC to generate NADPH.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis and the products that result from its splitting by photosystem II.

    <p>Water provides replacement electrons for photosystem II and its splitting produces O2 and hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the pathway of an energized electron from photosystem II to the generation of ATP.

    <p>The energized electron from photosystem II travels through an electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a H+ gradient and ATP through chemiosmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differentiate between the processes of cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation in terms of their ATP production using light energy.

    <p>Cyclic photophosphorylation generates ATP through chemiosmosis, while non-cyclic photophosphorylation also produces ATP through chemiosmosis but is coupled with NADPH production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions are utilized in the Calvin cycle.

    <p>ATP and NADPH power the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the key processes involved in the Calvin cycle and their significance in the conversion of CO2 into G3P.

    <p>The key processes in the Calvin cycle include carbon fixation, the synthesis of G3P, and the regeneration of RuBP, which collectively convert CO2 into G3P.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the impact of photorespiration on carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.

    <p>Photorespiration is a wasteful process that disrupts carbon fixation, reducing the rate of G3P production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the significance of RuBP in the Calvin cycle and its role in the regeneration of the cycle.

    <p>RuBP is a crucial molecule as it initiates and concludes the Calvin cycle, serving as the starting and ending point for the carbon fixation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the overall function of the Calvin cycle in the context of photosynthesis.

    <p>The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway that converts CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH, playing a central role in carbon assimilation and the production of organic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the potential disruption of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle by photorespiration.

    <p>Photorespiration can disrupt carbon fixation by competitively inhibiting the carboxylation reaction and reducing the efficiency of CO2 assimilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of photosystem II in the light reactions and how it contributes to the overall process of photosynthesis.

    <p>Photosystem II captures energy from light, splits water to provide replacement electrons, and generates ATP through chemiosmosis, playing a key role in the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the significance of NADPH generation through photosystem I and its role in the light reactions.

    <p>Photosystem I generates NADPH, which serves as a reducing agent and provides the necessary energy and electrons for the Calvin cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the role of ATP generated during the light reactions in driving the synthesis of organic compounds in photosynthesis.

    <p>ATP produced during the light reactions is utilized to power the conversion of CO2 into organic compounds, such as G3P, in the Calvin cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of photosystems involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Photosystem II and photosystem I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast?

    <p>In and on the thylakoid membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosystem II in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Capture light energy, create a hydrogen ion gradient, and split water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the reaction center of each photosystem?

    <p>A pair of specialized chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor molecule embedded in a complex of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when photons of light are absorbed by pigment molecules clustered in photosystem II?

    <p>The energy hops from one pigment molecule to the next until it is funneled into the photosystem II reaction center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the electron transport chain (ETC) adjacent to each photosystem?

    <p>To transport electrons and create a hydrogen ion gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thylakoid membranes in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Contain many photosystems, provide a large surface area for light absorption, and house the electron transport chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

    <p>Production of ATP, NADPH, and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the accessory pigment molecules in the photosystems?

    <p>To broaden the spectrum of light that can be used for photosynthesis and to provide photoprotection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the water-splitting process in photosystem II?

    <p>To release oxygen and provide electrons for the photosystem II reaction center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy during the light reactions?

    <p>Photophosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy carrier molecule produced during the light reactions?

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosystem II captures energy from ______ and boosts electrons to the primary electron acceptor.

    <p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Replacement electrons for photosystem II come from the splitting of ______ by an enzyme associated with photosystem II.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energized electron from photosystem II travels through an electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a H+ gradient and ATP through ______.

    <p>chemiosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosystem I absorbs ______ energy and passes it to a chlorophyll a molecule in the reaction center, energizing an electron.

    <p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle involves carbon fixation, the synthesis of G3P, and the regeneration of RuBP to continue the ______.

    <p>cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle can be disrupted by ______, a wasteful process reducing the rate of carbon fixation.

    <p>photorespiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions power the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2 in the ______.

    <p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energized electron from photosystem I is passed to a second ETC to generate ______.

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation are processes for ATP production using energy from ______.

    <p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway that converts CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH, and it begins and ends with the same five-carbon molecule, ______.

    <p>RuBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water splitting releases electrons to replace those lost by the reaction center chlorophylls and produces O2 and ______ ions.

    <p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions power the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2 in the ______ cycle.

    <p>Calvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the light reactions, photons of light are absorbed by pigment molecules clustered in ______. The energy hops from one pigment molecule to the next until it is funneled into the ______ reaction center

    <p>photosystem II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction center of each photosystem consists of a pair of specialized chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor molecule embedded in a complex of proteins

    <p>photosystem II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The light reactions occur in and on the ______. These membranes contain many photosystems, each consisting of a cluster of chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules surrounded by various proteins

    <p>thylakoid membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adjacent to each photosystem is an ______ (ETC) consisting of a series of electron-carrier molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane

    <p>electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The photosystems are named according to the order in which they were discovered, but the light reactions start with ______ and then proceed to photosystem I

    <p>photosystem II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The light reactions begin when photons of light are absorbed by pigment molecules clustered in ______

    <p>photosystem II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy hops from one pigment molecule to the next until it is funneled into the ______ reaction center

    <p>photosystem II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle: Key Processes and Reactions

    • Photosystem II captures energy from light and boosts electrons to the primary electron acceptor.
    • Replacement electrons for photosystem II come from the splitting of water by an enzyme associated with photosystem II.
    • Water splitting releases electrons to replace those lost by the reaction center chlorophylls and produces O2 and hydrogen ions.
    • The energized electron from photosystem II travels through an electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a H+ gradient and ATP through chemiosmosis.
    • Photosystem I absorbs light energy and passes it to a chlorophyll a molecule in the reaction center, energizing an electron.
    • The energized electron from photosystem I is passed to a second ETC to generate NADPH.
    • Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation are processes for ATP production using energy from light.
    • Photosystem II includes a water-splitting enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of water, producing O2 as a waste product.
    • ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions power the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
    • The Calvin cycle involves carbon fixation, the synthesis of G3P, and the regeneration of RuBP to continue the cycle.
    • Carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle can be disrupted by photorespiration, a wasteful process reducing the rate of carbon fixation.
    • The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway that converts CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH, and it begins and ends with the same five-carbon molecule, RuBP.

    Photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle: Key Processes and Reactions

    • Photosystem II captures energy from light and boosts electrons to the primary electron acceptor.
    • Replacement electrons for photosystem II come from the splitting of water by an enzyme associated with photosystem II.
    • Water splitting releases electrons to replace those lost by the reaction center chlorophylls and produces O2 and hydrogen ions.
    • The energized electron from photosystem II travels through an electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a H+ gradient and ATP through chemiosmosis.
    • Photosystem I absorbs light energy and passes it to a chlorophyll a molecule in the reaction center, energizing an electron.
    • The energized electron from photosystem I is passed to a second ETC to generate NADPH.
    • Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation are processes for ATP production using energy from light.
    • Photosystem II includes a water-splitting enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of water, producing O2 as a waste product.
    • ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions power the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
    • The Calvin cycle involves carbon fixation, the synthesis of G3P, and the regeneration of RuBP to continue the cycle.
    • Carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle can be disrupted by photorespiration, a wasteful process reducing the rate of carbon fixation.
    • The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway that converts CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH, and it begins and ends with the same five-carbon molecule, RuBP.

    Photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle: Key Processes and Reactions

    • Photosystem II captures energy from light and boosts electrons to the primary electron acceptor.
    • Replacement electrons for photosystem II come from the splitting of water by an enzyme associated with photosystem II.
    • Water splitting releases electrons to replace those lost by the reaction center chlorophylls and produces O2 and hydrogen ions.
    • The energized electron from photosystem II travels through an electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a H+ gradient and ATP through chemiosmosis.
    • Photosystem I absorbs light energy and passes it to a chlorophyll a molecule in the reaction center, energizing an electron.
    • The energized electron from photosystem I is passed to a second ETC to generate NADPH.
    • Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation are processes for ATP production using energy from light.
    • Photosystem II includes a water-splitting enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of water, producing O2 as a waste product.
    • ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions power the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
    • The Calvin cycle involves carbon fixation, the synthesis of G3P, and the regeneration of RuBP to continue the cycle.
    • Carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle can be disrupted by photorespiration, a wasteful process reducing the rate of carbon fixation.
    • The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway that converts CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH, and it begins and ends with the same five-carbon molecule, RuBP.

    Photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle: Key Processes and Reactions

    • Photosystem II captures energy from light and boosts electrons to the primary electron acceptor.
    • Replacement electrons for photosystem II come from the splitting of water by an enzyme associated with photosystem II.
    • Water splitting releases electrons to replace those lost by the reaction center chlorophylls and produces O2 and hydrogen ions.
    • The energized electron from photosystem II travels through an electron transport chain (ETC) to generate a H+ gradient and ATP through chemiosmosis.
    • Photosystem I absorbs light energy and passes it to a chlorophyll a molecule in the reaction center, energizing an electron.
    • The energized electron from photosystem I is passed to a second ETC to generate NADPH.
    • Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation are processes for ATP production using energy from light.
    • Photosystem II includes a water-splitting enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of water, producing O2 as a waste product.
    • ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions power the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
    • The Calvin cycle involves carbon fixation, the synthesis of G3P, and the regeneration of RuBP to continue the cycle.
    • Carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle can be disrupted by photorespiration, a wasteful process reducing the rate of carbon fixation.
    • The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway that converts CO2 into G3P using ATP and NADPH, and it begins and ends with the same five-carbon molecule, RuBP.

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    Week 11 Biology: Photosynthesis PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle with this quiz. Explore key processes such as light reactions, electron transport chains, ATP and NADPH production, carbon fixation, and the role of photorespiration. Dive into the essential reactions and pathways that drive the conversion of CO2 into energy-rich molecules.

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