General and Systemic Pathology: Endocrine System I
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Questions and Answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for orchestrating equilibrium among various organs in the body?

  • Hypothalamus (correct)
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Pituitary gland

    • What type of signaling is classified based on substances acting on surface receptors of adjacent cells?

  • Endocrine
  • Paracrine (correct)
  • Autonomic
  • Autocrine

    • Which gland is associated with Graves' disease, a common autoimmune disorder?

  • Parathyroid glands
  • Pituitary gland
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thyroid gland (correct)

    • Which neoplasm is specifically associated with the thyroid gland as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Neoplasms of the thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>Hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone?

    <p>Drugs that decrease antidiuretic hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the embryological origin of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Endodermal origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyroid follicular epithelial cells?

    <p>Conversion of thyroglobulin into thyroxine and triiodothyronine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is located below and anterior to the larynx?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antidiuretic hormone in the body?

    <p>Increasing water resorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic defect leads to combined pituitary hormone deficiency, including growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone?

    <p>Mutation of the pituitary-specific gene PIT-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excessive urination due to an inability of the kidney to resorb water properly from the urine?

    <p>Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Diabetes Insipidus resulting from antidiuretic hormone deficiency?

    <p>Head Trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes insipidus is a result of renal tubular unresponsiveness to circulating antidiuretic hormone?

    <p>Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorder may arise spontaneously with no identifiable underlying cause in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

    <p>Inflammatory Disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland secretes calcitonin?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of iodide in large doses on individuals with thyroid hyperfunction?

    <p>Inhibits the release of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cardiac manifestation of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Elevated cardiac contractility and output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes is NOT associated with myocardium in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Decrease in size and number of mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrine gland is primarily responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of thyroid hormone on bone metabolism?

    <p>Stimulates bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by an abrupt onset of severe hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Thyroid storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common trigger for the development of Thyroid Storm?

    <p>Infection or surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of patients with Apathetic Hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Unexplained weight loss in older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is considered the most useful single screening test for hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription factor is responsible for regulating the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into terminally differentiated cell types in Rathke's pouch?

    <p>PIT-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the formation of graafian follicles in the ovary?

    <p>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone induces ovulation and the formation of corpora lutea in the ovary?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones regulates spermatogenesis and testosterone production in males?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is required for gonadotroph differentiation?

    <p>Steroidogenic Factor-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the crowded, enlarged epithelial cells in the thyroid follicles as described in the text?

    <p>Actively resorb the colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphocytes are predominantly found in the interstitium of the thyroid gland according to the text?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of germinal centers in the thyroid gland as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Common occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does iodine administration affect the thyroid epithelium according to the text?

    <p>Causes involution of the epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does propylthiouracil, an antithyroid drug, do to thyroid epithelium based on the text?

    <p>Exaggerates epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign is produced by sympathetic overactivity in Graves' disease?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Infiltrative Dermopathy or Pretibial Myxedema' is most commonly found in which area of the body?

    <p>Shins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of increased blood flow through a hyperactive gland according to the text?

    <p>Visible bruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the ophthalmopathy associated with Graves' disease?

    <p>Corneal injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of Graves' disease that can persist despite successful treatment?

    <p>Wide, staring gaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

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