General and Systemic Embryology Quiz

<p>To release enzymes that help sperm penetrate the zona pellucida. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents multiple sperm from entering the egg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create new cells for growth, repair, and replacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>300 to 500 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They aid the fertilizing sperm in penetrating the barriers protecting the female gamete. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acrosome reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attach to and separate the chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in genetically diverse daughter cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are visible under a microscope. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the site where the chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second week of gestation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notochord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 6-7 days after fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outer cell mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From the fusion of the notochordal process and the endoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural Crest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinal Cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notochord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shared amnion increases the risk of entanglement and compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third week (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Day 26 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notochord signals to the ectoderm, which then forms the neural plate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial part (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extra-embryonic mesoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prechordal Plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acrosome reaction occurs when the sperm head comes into contact with the zona pellucida, releasing enzymes that break down the zona and allow the sperm to penetrate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent polyspermy, ensuring that only one sperm fertilizes the egg. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oocyte resumes the second meiotic division, resulting in the formation of a haploid egg nucleus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The zygote acquires a new combination of chromosomes, restoring the diploid number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates the initial adhesion of the sperm to the oocyte, which is essential for subsequent fusion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cortical reaction, which alters the properties of the zona pellucida. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is left behind on the oocyte surface after the sperm nucleus enters the cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cortical reaction is triggered. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rapid increase in size, mass, and complexity of the fetus.

Birth occurs between 37 and 42 weeks after fertilization.

Process where a maternal cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.

Includes G1, S, and G2 phases where DNA is prepared and duplicated.

First stage of mitosis where DNA condenses into visible chromosomes.

Stage of mitosis where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

Stage where chromosome pairs split and move to opposite ends of the cell.

The final step of cell division where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

The process of forming the neural tube from ectoderm between days 18-28.

A structure formed from the neural plate that eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord.

A rod-like structure formed during embryonic development, serving as a signaling center.

A thickened region of ectoderm overlying the notochord that gives rise to the neural tube.

The open end of the neural tube that eventually closes on day 24 of development.

The open end of the neural tube that eventually closes on day 26 of development.

The sides of the neural groove that come together to form the neural tube.

Cells from the ectoderm that become the neural plate and eventually the neural tube.

Sperm can survive in the female tract for several days.

Only 1% of sperm reach the cervix after being deposited in the vagina.

Sperm move through muscular contractions, not just their own propulsion.

Conditioning process for sperm in the female tract lasting about 7 hours.

Occurs after sperm bind to zona pellucida, releasing essential enzymes.

Involves three phases: penetration of corona radiata, zona pellucida, and membrane fusion.

Glycoprotein shell that maintains sperm binding and induces acrosome reaction.

Out of 200-300 million sperm, only 300-500 reach fertilization site; typically only one fertilizes the egg.

A depression on the epiblastic surface where cell migration occurs in the embryo.

A mound of cells at the cephalic end of the primitive streak, surrounding the primitive pit.

The layer of cells from which the ectodermal layer is formed during development.

The middle layer of the embryo responsible for forming muscles, bones, and connective tissues.

The innermost layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs.

Cells migrating through the lateral part of the primitive node responsible for forming structures such as somites.

Cells that migrate through the mid-streak level, contributing to structures like kidneys and gonads.

Cells from the caudal part of the streak that contribute to body cavities and circulatory system.

A zona protein that mediates binding and acrosome reaction.

Changes in zona pellucida to prevent further sperm entry.

Proteins on the oocyte that interact with sperm ligands.

Contain lysosomal enzymes that alter zona properties.

Total count of chromosomes from both parents in a zygote.

Identical copies of a chromosome formed during DNA replication.

Process that triggers egg metabolism after sperm entry.

Twins formed from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos.

Monozygotic twins can share a placenta (monochorionic) but have separate amniotic sacs (diamniotic).

Three layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) formed during gastrulation from the trilaminar disc.

Outer layer of the blastocyst that forms the placenta and produces hCG.

Process where the blastocyst embeds into the uterine lining, initiated by the trophoblast.

The process occurring in the third week of gestation that forms the trilaminar disc.

Twins that result from incomplete splitting of the zygote after 12 days of fertilization.

Structure consisting of two layers: epiblast and hypoblast, formed by day 8 post-fertilization.