Gene Regulation and Transcription Factors
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary function of cis-regulatory elements (CREs)?

  • To regulate the transcription of neighboring genes (correct)
  • To serve as templates for protein synthesis
  • To facilitate DNA replication
  • To code for amino acids directly

    • Which of the following accurately describes why CREs are referred to as 'cis' elements?

  • They are always found in introns
  • They are located on the same DNA strand as the genes they regulate (correct)
  • They exist in the cytoplasm
  • They bind to genes on different chromosomes

    • What role do transcription factors play in the function of CREs?

  • They modify the DNA sequence
  • They bind to CREs and regulate gene expression (correct)
  • They replicate the DNA strands
  • They directly code for proteins

    • Which type of CRE would most likely inhibit gene transcription?

    <p>Silencer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do CREs achieve their regulatory function?

    <p>By integrating regulatory signals at specific times and places</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of mRNA in gene regulation?

    <p>Different types of mRNA indicate distinct cellular functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary control point for gene expression?

    <p>Initiation of transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does RNA transcription provide in gene regulation?

    <p>Multiple proteins can be synthesized from one mRNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the elongation phase of transcription?

    <p>RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA along the DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is least accurate regarding the stages of transcription?

    <p>Initiation involves the synthesis of mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is specifically involved in binding to the TATA box within the promoter region?

    <p>TBP and associated factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precisely is indicated by the curved arrow moving towards the gene in the diagram?

    <p>The function of RNA Pol II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the promoter region?

    <p>It comprises the TF site, TATA box, and core promoter elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the phrase 'but what about far away?' in the context of gene regulation?

    <p>It highlights the role of distant regulatory elements in gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of gene regulation is located closest to the target gene?

    <p>Core part of transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does gene regulation play in cellular functions?

    <p>It determines which genes are expressed and how much.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the gene expression switch is in the OFF position?

    <p>There is no gene expression or protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gene expression affect cell types despite having the same genome?

    <p>It allows for different genes to be expressed in various cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is primarily illustrated by the ON/OFF switch in gene expression?

    <p>Transcriptional activation or repression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for gene regulation to occur at the right times and extents?

    <p>To maintain cellular homeostasis and proper function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of enhancers and silencers in gene transcription?

    <p>To act as attachment sites for activator and repressor proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far can distance-independent cis-regulatory elements (CREs) be located from the transcription initiation site?

    <p>They can be located thousands of base pairs away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do activators have when binding to enhancers?

    <p>They increase basal levels of transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of distance-independent CREs concerning their binding ability?

    <p>Their binding can be reversed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of repressor proteins when bound to silencers?

    <p>They block the binding of activators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes constitutive genes?

    <p>Genes that are expressed all the time and produce essential proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a product of constitutive genes?

    <p>Enzymes that catalyse glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the core promoter is primarily responsible for the binding of basal factors?

    <p>TATA box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance in base pairs from the promoter-proximal elements to the transcription start site?

    <p>200 bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the role of constitutive genes in the cell?

    <p>They produce RNA polymerase and other critical components for cell function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do transcription factors play in relation to the core promoter once the TATA binding protein binds?

    <p>They facilitate the binding of additional regulatory proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term often used to describe constitutive genes?

    <p>Housekeeping genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sequences represents the TATA box in eukaryotic transcription?

    <p>5'–TATAAA–3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins associated with constitutive genes play a structural role in cells?

    <p>Proteins such as actin and tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is located closest to the mRNA produced from transcription initiation?

    <p>Transcription start site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason liver cells express the alcohol dehydrogenase gene?

    <p>To remove alcohol from the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes gene expression in neurons compared to liver cells?

    <p>Neurons do not express genes associated with toxin removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do liver cells regulate their use of neurotransmitter genes?

    <p>By keeping them permanently off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the diagrams in the document illustrate concerning liver cells and neurons?

    <p>The differences in gene expression between the two cell types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT performed by liver cells according to the document?

    <p>Generating signaling neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of promoter proximal elements in gene transcription?

    <p>To facilitate high levels of transcription and gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do constitutive genes differ from genes expressed only in specific cell types?

    <p>Constitutive genes have common promoter proximal elements used in all cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the role of activators in relation to promoter proximal elements?

    <p>Activators are recognized by specific promoter proximal elements to regulate transcription levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a promoter in the process of transcription?

    <p>To initiate the binding of RNA polymerase and start transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the promoter proximal elements of genes expressed at specific times?

    <p>They are recognized only by activator proteins found in specific cell types or conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the core promoter?

    <p>It binds TBP and associated factors crucial for initiating basal transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the promoter is primarily responsible for directly interacting with RNA polymerase?

    <p>Core promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to the transcription initiation site, where are promoter sequences typically located?

    <p>Directly upstream or at the 5' end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the promoter and the transcription start site?

    <p>RNA polymerase binds at the promoter, where transcription begins at the TSS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the promoter is likely to influence long-range regulatory effects?

    <p>Distal promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cis-regulatory elements (CREs)

    • Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are regions of non-coding DNA (100 – 1000 bps in length) which regulate the transcription of neighbouring genes
    • Called 'cis' because they are on the same DNA strand as the genes they control
    • Typically regulate gene transcription by binding to regulatory proteins called transcription factors
    • A single transcription factor may bind to many CREs and hence control the expression of many genes
    • CREs carry out their function by integrating all regulatory elements at a specific time and place in the cell where this information is read, and an output given

    Types of CREs

    • Promoters
    • Enhancers
    • Silencers

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and their role in gene regulation. This quiz covers transcription factors, mRNA functions, and the transcription process, providing a comprehensive look into molecular biology principles. Perfect for students studying genetics or molecular biology.

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