T.13 Mecanismos cis/trans en la regulación de la transcripción en eucariotas (títol)

Study Notes

Enhancer-Promoter Interactions

Enhancers are distal regulatory elements that can loop back to interact with promoters to activate transcription
Looping mechanisms involve the formation of chromatin loops, bringing enhancers and promoters into close proximity
Mediator complex plays a crucial role in facilitating enhancer-promoter interactions
Enhancer-promoter interactions can occur over long distances, allowing for the regulation of gene expression from distant regions

Transcription Factor Binding

Transcription factors (TFs) bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression
TFs recognize and bind to cis-elements, such as enhancers, promoters, and silencers
Binding of TFs to cis-elements can either activate or repress transcription, depending on the TF and its cofactors
TFs can also interact with each other to form complexes that regulate gene expression

Chromatin Remodeling

Chromatin remodeling complexes alter the structure of chromatin to facilitate access to transcription factors
Remodeling complexes can either relax or compact chromatin, making it more or less accessible to TFs
Chromatin remodeling is essential for transcriptional activation, as it allows TFs to bind to cis-elements
Chromatin remodeling complexes can also be involved in the repression of gene expression

Coactivator/Corepressor Complexes

Coactivator complexes are recruited by transcription factors to enhance transcription
Coactivators can acetylate histones, relax chromatin, and recruit RNA polymerase to promote transcription
Corepressor complexes are recruited by transcription factors to repress transcription
Corepressors can deacetylate histones, compact chromatin, and inhibit RNA polymerase to repress transcription

Long-range Gene Regulation

Long-range gene regulation involves the regulation of gene expression from distant regions, often through enhancer-promoter interactions
Long-range regulation can occur through the formation of chromatin loops, bringing distant regions into close proximity
Long-range regulation can also involve the interaction of multiple cis-elements, such as enhancers and silencers
Long-range regulation is important for the coordinated regulation of gene expression during development and cell differentiation

Description

This quiz covers the mechanisms of gene regulation, including enhancer-promoter interactions, transcription factor binding, chromatin remodeling, and long-range gene regulation. Understand how these processes work together to control gene expression.