Gels and Hydrogels

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Questions and Answers

What property of gels allows them to behave like solids despite being mostly liquid?

  • Their semi-solid, jelly-like consistency
  • Their high water content
  • The absence of any crosslinks
  • The presence of a three-dimensional crosslinked network (correct)

Which type of gel is composed of a liquid organic phase entrapped in a three-dimensionally cross-linked network?

  • Organogel (correct)
  • Hydrogel
  • Ointment
  • Cream

Which type of topical formulation is best for covering large areas of the skin or to avoid the greasiness associated with an ointment?

  • Gel
  • Ointment
  • Cream (correct)
  • Paste

Which type of topical formulation is best for treating dry skin conditions, such as psoriasis?

<p>Ointment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dispersion medium in hydrogels?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of topical formulation is considered the best moisturizer?

<p>Ointment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common purpose of creams when applied to the skin or mucous membranes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical composition of an ointment?

<p>80% oil and 20% water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of properly designed oil-in-water (O/W) creams?

<p>Suitable for oozing wounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of water-in-oil (W/O) cream?

<p>Cold creams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key requirement for the packaging of ointments?

<p>Containers should be well-closed and light resistant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Minimum Fill Test for ointments?

<p>To ensure net weight and volume compliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydrophilic bases is correct?

<p>They require aqueous solutions to be incorporated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which semisolid preparation contains the highest proportion of solid components?

<p>Pastes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following semisolid preparations is an emulsion system with a creamy white appearance and good spreadability over the skin?

<p>Creams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of base is white petrolatum classified as?

<p>Oleaginous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods can be used to enhance percutaneous absorption of drugs from semisolid preparations?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors should be considered when formulating semisolid preparations for percutaneous absorption?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oleaginous/hydrocarbon ointment bases?

<p>They are water-soluble (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using ointment bases?

<p>To act as emollients or lubricating agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about petrolatum, USP is correct?

<p>It has a melting point range of 38°C - 60°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of ointment bases?

<p>Emulsion bases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of non-medicated ointments?

<p>To provide their emollient or lubricating effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about medicated ointments is NOT correct?

<p>They are used as emollients or lubricating agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary purpose of using a levigating agent when incorporating insoluble substances into an ointment base?

<p>To facilitate the dispersion of the insoluble substances into the base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended technique for incorporating insoluble substances into an ointment base?

<p>Powdering the insoluble substances finely and mixing them with an equal amount of base until a smooth mixture is obtained, then adding the rest of the base in increments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary purpose of melting the oil and water phases separately when preparing an emulsion-based ointment?

<p>To allow for the incorporation of ingredients with different melting points (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ointment base is most suitable for incorporating insoluble substances?

<p>Emulsion-based ointment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a spatula with a long, broad blade when incorporating ingredients into an ointment base?

<p>To ensure even distribution of the ingredients throughout the ointment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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