Gear Measurement and Inspection
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What is the primary function of an optical dividing head?

  • To inspect and measure small parts and tools
  • To divide a circle into equal parts with high precision (correct)
  • To verify the parallelism and squareness of components
  • To set angles and divisions for machine tool adjustments

    • What is the role of the sector arms in an optical dividing head?

  • To rotate the spindle and index plate
  • To measure linear dimensions of the workpiece
  • To provide a stable platform for the entire apparatus
  • To select specific holes on the index plate (correct)

    • What is the main advantage of using an optical dividing head in gear cutting?

  • Reduced labor requirements
  • Increased production speed
  • Cost-effectiveness
  • Ensuring gears have the correct number of teeth and spacing (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the micrometer head in a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To measure the stage movement with high accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>Inspecting and measuring small parts and tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a maintenance requirement for an optical dividing head?

    <p>Replacing the workpiece with a new one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the focusing mechanism in a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To fine-tune the focus of the optical system on the workpiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using an optical dividing head in tool grinding?

    <p>Ensuring cutting tools have precise angles and edge geometries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary importance of controlling the outside diameter of a gear blank?

    <p>It forms the datum from where the tooth thickness is measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the teeth of a gear are machined poorly?

    <p>The load is carried by one edge only, introducing high bearing stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of the Parkinson Gear Tester in terms of gear type?

    <p>It is mainly suitable for spur gears and simple gear profiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the movable slide in a gear tester?

    <p>To indicate the variation in center distance between the two spindles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spring pressure in the Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>To regulate the movement of the sliding carriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>To mount a standard gear on a fixed vertical spindle and the gear to be tested on another similar spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dial indicator on the right in the Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>To indicate any radial variation of the gear under test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the waxed paper recorder in the Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>To record the movements of the floating carriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not controlling the eccentricity of a gear blank?

    <p>The gear's dimensional accuracy is compromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Autocollimator used for?

    <p>To measure the small angular differences, changes or deflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of checking the tooth alignment in a gear?

    <p>To distribute the load evenly over the face of the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of working of the Autocollimator?

    <p>A light source is placed in the focus of a collimating lens and projected as a parallel beam of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative to using a dial indicator in a Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>A waxed circular chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gears can be tested using a Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>Spur gears only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the Parkinson Gear Tester in terms of measurement range?

    <p>It has a limited range of measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the Parkinson Gear Tester in terms of data recording and analysis?

    <p>It lacks advanced data recording and analysis capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the micrometer heads in a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To bring the area of interest under the optical system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>Low cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of calibration in a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind interferometry?

    <p>Interference of light waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a coherent light source in interferometry?

    <p>To create a stable interference pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interferometer is highly sensitive and used for measuring small spectral features?

    <p>Fabry-Pérot Interferometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of a toolmaker's microscope in research and development?

    <p>Developing new tools and components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toolmaker's microscope is equipped with advanced measurement capabilities and often connected to digital readouts or computer systems?

    <p>Measuring Microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of the Sagnac Interferometer?

    <p>Navigation systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field is interferometry used to create high-resolution cross-sectional images of biological tissues?

    <p>Biology and Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of interferometry due to environmental factors?

    <p>Changes in temperature, vibrations, and air currents affecting accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial step in maintaining the accuracy of interferometric measurements?

    <p>Regular calibration using known standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for controlling surface texture in modern engineering products?

    <p>To improve the service life of the components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is influenced by the surface texture of machined parts?

    <p>All of the above, including appearance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, lubrication, initial tolerance, ability to hold pressure, and load carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field is interferometry used to measure the properties of materials at a microscopic level?

    <p>Material Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of interferometry in precision measurement?

    <p>High precision measurements on the order of wavelengths of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gear Measurement

    • Importance of paying attention to raw material, production cycle, machining, heat treatment, cutting, and surface finish of teeth for proper gear inspection
    • Key dimensional accuracy checks: face width, bore, hub, length, and outside diameter
    • Eccentricity and concentricity of blanks are crucial, and side faces should be true to the bore
    • Additional measurements for precise gears: tip radius, shape of root, and surface finish

    Good Alignment of Each Tooth

    • Importance of even load distribution over the face of the gear
    • Poor tooth alignment can lead to high bearing stresses and concentrated load on one edge
    • Checking tooth alignment using a standard roller and surface plate

    Parkinson Gear Tester

    • Principle: measuring gear variations using a standard gear on a fixed spindle and the gear to be tested on a sliding carriage
    • Movement of the sliding carriage indicates gear irregularities, which can be recorded using a dial indicator or a circular chart
    • Used for testing spur gears

    Limitations of Parkinson Gear Tester

    • Limited to simple gear types (e.g., spur gears) and not suitable for complex gear geometries
    • Manual operation may introduce human error
    • Limited measurement range and accuracy limitations
    • No advanced data recording and analysis capabilities
    • Slow and labor-intensive process
    • Subject to wear and tear, requiring regular calibration and maintenance
    • Cost and maintenance concerns
    • Single-purpose device

    Autocollimator

    • Optical instrument used for measuring small angular differences, changes, or deflections
    • Principle: using a collimating lens to project parallel light beams and measure reflected light
    • Applications:
      • Measuring straightness and flatness of surfaces
      • Precise angular indexing using polygons
      • Comparative measurements using master angles
      • Assessing squareness and parallelism of components
      • Measuring small linear dimensions

    Optical Dividing Head

    • Precision tool used for accurately dividing a circle into equal parts
    • Components:
      • Base
      • Spindle
      • Index plate
      • Sector arms
      • Optical system
      • Crank or handwheel
    • Working principle:
      • Mounting the workpiece
      • Setting the angle using the index plate and sector arms
      • Dividing the circle using the crank or handwheel
      • Verifying the angle using the optical system
    • Applications:
      • Gear cutting
      • Spline cutting
      • Tool grinding
      • Rotary table operations
    • Advantages:
      • High precision
      • Versatility
      • Repeatability

    Tool Makers Microscope

    • Highly precise optical instrument used for inspecting and measuring small parts, tools, and components
    • Components:
      • Optical system
      • Stage
      • Micrometer head
      • Illumination
      • Focusing mechanism
      • Measurement scales
      • Base
    • Working principle:
      • Placing the workpiece on the stage
      • Adjusting the stage using micrometer heads
      • Focusing the optical system
      • Illuminating the workpiece
      • Measuring dimensions using reticles or graduated scales
    • Applications:
      • Inspecting small parts
      • Tool and die making
      • Quality control
      • Research and development
      • Micro-machining
    • Advantages:
      • High precision
      • Versatility
      • Enhanced visibility
      • Ease of use
      • Durability

    Interferometry

    • Powerful technique for measuring small displacements, refractive index changes, surface irregularities, and other minute changes
    • Basic principles:
      • Interference of light waves
      • Coherent light source
      • Splitting and recombining light
    • Types of interferometers:
      • Michelson interferometer
      • Fabry-Pérot interferometer
      • Mach-Zehnder interferometer
      • Sagnac interferometer
    • Applications:
      • Metrology
      • Astronomy
      • Fiber optics
      • Material science
      • Biology and medicine
    • Advantages:
      • High precision
      • Non-contact measurement
      • Versatility
    • Disadvantages:
      • Sensitivity to environmental factors
      • Complex setup
      • Cost

    Surface Texture

    • Importance of controlling surface texture in modern engineering products
    • Influence of surface texture on:
      • Appearance
      • Corrosion resistance
      • Wear resistance
      • Fatigue resistance
      • Lubrication
      • Initial tolerance
      • Load carrying capacity
      • Noise reduction
    • Reasons for controlling surface texture:
      • Improving service life
      • Reducing fatigue resistance
      • Reducing initial wear

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    Description

    This quiz covers the importance of inspecting gear measurements, including dimensional accuracy and eccentricity, to ensure proper production. It also touches on the control of outside diameter and concentricity.

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