Gear Measurement and Inspection

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

  • Measuring angular differences
  • Measuring the straightness and flatness of surfaces
  • Testing the quality and accuracy of gears (correct)
  • Determining the speed and efficiency of gear production

What is a limitation of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

  • It has limited range of measurement (correct)
  • It is only suitable for complex gear geometries
  • It can only test gears with a specific material
  • It can only measure radial errors

What is a feature of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

  • It is a computerized gear testing equipment
  • It can only be used for automated gear testing
  • It has advanced data recording and analysis capabilities
  • It has a scale attached to one carriage and Vernier to the other (correct)

What is the function of the dial indicator on the right?

<p>It measures the radial variation of the gear under test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the waxed paper recorder?

<p>It records the movements of the floating carriage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an application of the autocollimator?

<p>Measuring small angular differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of working of the autocollimator?

<p>If a light source is placed in the focus of a collimating lens, it is projected as a parallel beam of light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be measured using the autocollimator in conjunction with polygons?

<p>Angular indexing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an optical dividing head?

<p>To accurately divide a circle into equal parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of an optical dividing head is used to select specific holes on the index plate?

<p>Sector Arms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using an optical dividing head in gear cutting?

<p>Ensures gears have the correct number of teeth and spacing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regular cleaning in the maintenance of an optical dividing head?

<p>To keep the optical components and mechanical parts clean and free of debris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a toolmaker's microscope?

<p>To inspect and measure small parts, tools, and components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the micrometer head in a toolmaker's microscope?

<p>To measure the stage movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a toolmaker's microscope in manufacturing?

<p>High magnification and accuracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the focusing mechanism in a toolmaker's microscope?

<p>To focus the optical system on the workpiece (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of gear measurement during inspection?

<p>Dimensional accuracy and eccentricity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to check the concentricity of the gear blanks?

<p>To ensure the side faces are true to the bore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the teeth of a gear are machined poorly?

<p>The load may be carried by one edge only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is tooth alignment typically checked?

<p>By placing a standard roller in the tooth space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

<p>To test the gear for irregularities in mesh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mounted on a fixed vertical spindle in the Parkinson Gear Tester?

<p>A standard gear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to record the variations in gear mesh in the Parkinson Gear Tester?

<p>A waxed circular chart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gear is the Parkinson Gear Tester typically used for?

<p>Spur gear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a toolmaker's microscope?

<p>To inspect small parts for defects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a coherent light source in interferometry?

<p>It produces a stable and interpretable interference pattern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Michelson interferometers?

<p>Measuring small displacements and refractive index changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a toolmaker's microscope with high magnification and illumination?

<p>It enhances visibility and contrast of small details (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calibration in a toolmaker's microscope?

<p>To ensure the accuracy of measurements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of interferometer that uses multiple reflections between two parallel mirrors?

<p>Fabry-Pérot interferometer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a toolmaker's microscope in quality control?

<p>It verifies the accuracy and quality of manufactured components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind interferometry?

<p>Interference of light waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of Sagnac Interferometer in navigation systems?

<p>To measure rotation rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of Interferometry in measurement?

<p>High precision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for controlling surface texture in modern engineering products?

<p>To reduce initial wear of parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of surface texture on the functioning of machined parts?

<p>Influences corrosion resistance and wear resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of Interferometry?

<p>Sensitivity to environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important application of Interferometry in biology and medicine?

<p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in maintaining the accuracy of Interferometric measurements?

<p>Regular calibration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which field is Interferometry used to measure the properties of optical fibers and components?

<p>Fiber Optics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Gear Measurement

  • Importance of paying attention to raw material, production cycle, machining, heat treatment, cutting, and surface finish of teeth for proper gear inspection
  • Key dimensional accuracy checks: face width, bore, hub, length, and outside diameter
  • Eccentricity and concentricity of blanks are crucial, and side faces should be true to the bore
  • Additional measurements for precise gears: tip radius, shape of root, and surface finish

Good Alignment of Each Tooth

  • Importance of even load distribution over the face of the gear
  • Poor tooth alignment can lead to high bearing stresses and concentrated load on one edge
  • Checking tooth alignment using a standard roller and surface plate

Parkinson Gear Tester

  • Principle: measuring gear variations using a standard gear on a fixed spindle and the gear to be tested on a sliding carriage
  • Movement of the sliding carriage indicates gear irregularities, which can be recorded using a dial indicator or a circular chart
  • Used for testing spur gears

Limitations of Parkinson Gear Tester

  • Limited to simple gear types (e.g., spur gears) and not suitable for complex gear geometries
  • Manual operation may introduce human error
  • Limited measurement range and accuracy limitations
  • No advanced data recording and analysis capabilities
  • Slow and labor-intensive process
  • Subject to wear and tear, requiring regular calibration and maintenance
  • Cost and maintenance concerns
  • Single-purpose device

Autocollimator

  • Optical instrument used for measuring small angular differences, changes, or deflections
  • Principle: using a collimating lens to project parallel light beams and measure reflected light
  • Applications:
    • Measuring straightness and flatness of surfaces
    • Precise angular indexing using polygons
    • Comparative measurements using master angles
    • Assessing squareness and parallelism of components
    • Measuring small linear dimensions

Optical Dividing Head

  • Precision tool used for accurately dividing a circle into equal parts
  • Components:
    • Base
    • Spindle
    • Index plate
    • Sector arms
    • Optical system
    • Crank or handwheel
  • Working principle:
    • Mounting the workpiece
    • Setting the angle using the index plate and sector arms
    • Dividing the circle using the crank or handwheel
    • Verifying the angle using the optical system
  • Applications:
    • Gear cutting
    • Spline cutting
    • Tool grinding
    • Rotary table operations
  • Advantages:
    • High precision
    • Versatility
    • Repeatability

Tool Makers Microscope

  • Highly precise optical instrument used for inspecting and measuring small parts, tools, and components
  • Components:
    • Optical system
    • Stage
    • Micrometer head
    • Illumination
    • Focusing mechanism
    • Measurement scales
    • Base
  • Working principle:
    • Placing the workpiece on the stage
    • Adjusting the stage using micrometer heads
    • Focusing the optical system
    • Illuminating the workpiece
    • Measuring dimensions using reticles or graduated scales
  • Applications:
    • Inspecting small parts
    • Tool and die making
    • Quality control
    • Research and development
    • Micro-machining
  • Advantages:
    • High precision
    • Versatility
    • Enhanced visibility
    • Ease of use
    • Durability

Interferometry

  • Powerful technique for measuring small displacements, refractive index changes, surface irregularities, and other minute changes
  • Basic principles:
    • Interference of light waves
    • Coherent light source
    • Splitting and recombining light
  • Types of interferometers:
    • Michelson interferometer
    • Fabry-Pérot interferometer
    • Mach-Zehnder interferometer
    • Sagnac interferometer
  • Applications:
    • Metrology
    • Astronomy
    • Fiber optics
    • Material science
    • Biology and medicine
  • Advantages:
    • High precision
    • Non-contact measurement
    • Versatility
  • Disadvantages:
    • Sensitivity to environmental factors
    • Complex setup
    • Cost

Surface Texture

  • Importance of controlling surface texture in modern engineering products
  • Influence of surface texture on:
    • Appearance
    • Corrosion resistance
    • Wear resistance
    • Fatigue resistance
    • Lubrication
    • Initial tolerance
    • Load carrying capacity
    • Noise reduction
  • Reasons for controlling surface texture:
    • Improving service life
    • Reducing fatigue resistance
    • Reducing initial wear

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