Gear Measurement and Inspection
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What is the primary purpose of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

  • Measuring angular differences
  • Measuring the straightness and flatness of surfaces
  • Testing the quality and accuracy of gears (correct)
  • Determining the speed and efficiency of gear production

    • What is a limitation of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

  • It has limited range of measurement (correct)
  • It is only suitable for complex gear geometries
  • It can only test gears with a specific material
  • It can only measure radial errors

    • What is a feature of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

  • It is a computerized gear testing equipment
  • It can only be used for automated gear testing
  • It has advanced data recording and analysis capabilities
  • It has a scale attached to one carriage and Vernier to the other (correct)

    • What is the function of the dial indicator on the right?

    <p>It measures the radial variation of the gear under test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the waxed paper recorder?

    <p>It records the movements of the floating carriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an application of the autocollimator?

    <p>Measuring small angular differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of working of the autocollimator?

    <p>If a light source is placed in the focus of a collimating lens, it is projected as a parallel beam of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be measured using the autocollimator in conjunction with polygons?

    <p>Angular indexing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an optical dividing head?

    <p>To accurately divide a circle into equal parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an optical dividing head is used to select specific holes on the index plate?

    <p>Sector Arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using an optical dividing head in gear cutting?

    <p>Ensures gears have the correct number of teeth and spacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of regular cleaning in the maintenance of an optical dividing head?

    <p>To keep the optical components and mechanical parts clean and free of debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To inspect and measure small parts, tools, and components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the micrometer head in a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To measure the stage movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a toolmaker's microscope in manufacturing?

    <p>High magnification and accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the focusing mechanism in a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To focus the optical system on the workpiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of gear measurement during inspection?

    <p>Dimensional accuracy and eccentricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to check the concentricity of the gear blanks?

    <p>To ensure the side faces are true to the bore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the teeth of a gear are machined poorly?

    <p>The load may be carried by one edge only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tooth alignment typically checked?

    <p>By placing a standard roller in the tooth space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>To test the gear for irregularities in mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mounted on a fixed vertical spindle in the Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>A standard gear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to record the variations in gear mesh in the Parkinson Gear Tester?

    <p>A waxed circular chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gear is the Parkinson Gear Tester typically used for?

    <p>Spur gear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To inspect small parts for defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a coherent light source in interferometry?

    <p>It produces a stable and interpretable interference pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Michelson interferometers?

    <p>Measuring small displacements and refractive index changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a toolmaker's microscope with high magnification and illumination?

    <p>It enhances visibility and contrast of small details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calibration in a toolmaker's microscope?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of interferometer that uses multiple reflections between two parallel mirrors?

    <p>Fabry-Pérot interferometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a toolmaker's microscope in quality control?

    <p>It verifies the accuracy and quality of manufactured components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind interferometry?

    <p>Interference of light waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of Sagnac Interferometer in navigation systems?

    <p>To measure rotation rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of Interferometry in measurement?

    <p>High precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for controlling surface texture in modern engineering products?

    <p>To reduce initial wear of parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of surface texture on the functioning of machined parts?

    <p>Influences corrosion resistance and wear resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of Interferometry?

    <p>Sensitivity to environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important application of Interferometry in biology and medicine?

    <p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial step in maintaining the accuracy of Interferometric measurements?

    <p>Regular calibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field is Interferometry used to measure the properties of optical fibers and components?

    <p>Fiber Optics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gear Measurement

    • Importance of paying attention to raw material, production cycle, machining, heat treatment, cutting, and surface finish of teeth for proper gear inspection
    • Key dimensional accuracy checks: face width, bore, hub, length, and outside diameter
    • Eccentricity and concentricity of blanks are crucial, and side faces should be true to the bore
    • Additional measurements for precise gears: tip radius, shape of root, and surface finish

    Good Alignment of Each Tooth

    • Importance of even load distribution over the face of the gear
    • Poor tooth alignment can lead to high bearing stresses and concentrated load on one edge
    • Checking tooth alignment using a standard roller and surface plate

    Parkinson Gear Tester

    • Principle: measuring gear variations using a standard gear on a fixed spindle and the gear to be tested on a sliding carriage
    • Movement of the sliding carriage indicates gear irregularities, which can be recorded using a dial indicator or a circular chart
    • Used for testing spur gears

    Limitations of Parkinson Gear Tester

    • Limited to simple gear types (e.g., spur gears) and not suitable for complex gear geometries
    • Manual operation may introduce human error
    • Limited measurement range and accuracy limitations
    • No advanced data recording and analysis capabilities
    • Slow and labor-intensive process
    • Subject to wear and tear, requiring regular calibration and maintenance
    • Cost and maintenance concerns
    • Single-purpose device

    Autocollimator

    • Optical instrument used for measuring small angular differences, changes, or deflections
    • Principle: using a collimating lens to project parallel light beams and measure reflected light
    • Applications:
      • Measuring straightness and flatness of surfaces
      • Precise angular indexing using polygons
      • Comparative measurements using master angles
      • Assessing squareness and parallelism of components
      • Measuring small linear dimensions

    Optical Dividing Head

    • Precision tool used for accurately dividing a circle into equal parts
    • Components:
      • Base
      • Spindle
      • Index plate
      • Sector arms
      • Optical system
      • Crank or handwheel
    • Working principle:
      • Mounting the workpiece
      • Setting the angle using the index plate and sector arms
      • Dividing the circle using the crank or handwheel
      • Verifying the angle using the optical system
    • Applications:
      • Gear cutting
      • Spline cutting
      • Tool grinding
      • Rotary table operations
    • Advantages:
      • High precision
      • Versatility
      • Repeatability

    Tool Makers Microscope

    • Highly precise optical instrument used for inspecting and measuring small parts, tools, and components
    • Components:
      • Optical system
      • Stage
      • Micrometer head
      • Illumination
      • Focusing mechanism
      • Measurement scales
      • Base
    • Working principle:
      • Placing the workpiece on the stage
      • Adjusting the stage using micrometer heads
      • Focusing the optical system
      • Illuminating the workpiece
      • Measuring dimensions using reticles or graduated scales
    • Applications:
      • Inspecting small parts
      • Tool and die making
      • Quality control
      • Research and development
      • Micro-machining
    • Advantages:
      • High precision
      • Versatility
      • Enhanced visibility
      • Ease of use
      • Durability

    Interferometry

    • Powerful technique for measuring small displacements, refractive index changes, surface irregularities, and other minute changes
    • Basic principles:
      • Interference of light waves
      • Coherent light source
      • Splitting and recombining light
    • Types of interferometers:
      • Michelson interferometer
      • Fabry-Pérot interferometer
      • Mach-Zehnder interferometer
      • Sagnac interferometer
    • Applications:
      • Metrology
      • Astronomy
      • Fiber optics
      • Material science
      • Biology and medicine
    • Advantages:
      • High precision
      • Non-contact measurement
      • Versatility
    • Disadvantages:
      • Sensitivity to environmental factors
      • Complex setup
      • Cost

    Surface Texture

    • Importance of controlling surface texture in modern engineering products
    • Influence of surface texture on:
      • Appearance
      • Corrosion resistance
      • Wear resistance
      • Fatigue resistance
      • Lubrication
      • Initial tolerance
      • Load carrying capacity
      • Noise reduction
    • Reasons for controlling surface texture:
      • Improving service life
      • Reducing fatigue resistance
      • Reducing initial wear

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    Description

    This quiz covers the importance of gear measurement and inspection, including attention to raw material, production cycle, and dimensional accuracy.

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