39 Questions
Which nerves are responsible for innervating the parietal peritoneum, abdominal wall muscles, and skin?
Ventral rami of thoracoabdominal nerves
Which part of the colon receives sympathetic innervation from T5-L2?
Proximal part of the colon
What is the function of sympathetic efferent nerves in the gastrointestinal system?
Inhibit peristalsis and gastric distension and cause GI vasoconstriction
Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord?
As gray rami communicants
What is the function of sympathetic afferent fibers in the gastrointestinal system?
Transmit visceral pain
Which ganglia and plexus are formed by the sympathetic fibers in the upper abdomen?
Celiac plexus
Which nerves are responsible for innervating the liver, stomach, pancreas, and small bowel?
Splanchnic nerves
What is the origin of sympathetic fibers innervating the descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum?
T9-L3
Where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers?
Celiac plexus
What is the function of the ventral rami of thoracoabdominal nerves in the gastrointestinal system?
Innervation of parietal peritoneum, abdominal wall muscles, and skin
What is the primary function of afferent parasympathetic nerves in the gastrointestinal system?
Transmitting sensations of satiety, nausea, and distension
Where are parasympathetic postganglionic neurons located in the gastrointestinal system?
Myenteric and submucosal plexuses
Which spinal cord segments are responsible for innervating the colon, rectum, and internal and external genitalia?
S2-S4
What is the function of efferent parasympathetic nerves in the gastrointestinal system?
Increasing secretion, sphincter relaxation, and peristalsis
What is the pathway of some vagal fibers that supply the abdominal viscera?
Through the prevertebral fibers (celiac plexus)
Which part of the colon receives parasympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve?
Proximal to the splenic flexure
Which spinal cord segments are responsible for innervating the internal and external genitalia?
S2-S4
Where do some vagal fibers pass through to supply the abdominal viscera?
Prevertebral fibers (celiac plexus)
What is a characteristic of abdominal visceral innervation?
It has a diffuse and capable of amplification distribution
What is the function of the 'dual-function' properties of abdominal visceral innervation?
To carry sensory evoked potentials and regulate autonomic flow
Which plexus is responsible for the innervation of the GI organs up to the proximal transverse colon?
Celiac plexus
What is a result of the stimulation of abdominal visceral innervation?
Difficult to stop due to self-aggravation
What is a characteristic of the connections between nerves, ganglia, and plexuses in abdominal visceral innervation?
There are an abundance of connections
What is a characteristic of the fibers in abdominal visceral innervation?
They have 'dual-function' properties
What is the effect of intraabdominal pathology on visceral innervation anatomy?
It affects the anatomy
What is the relationship between the fibers in abdominal visceral innervation?
They frequently communicate with each other
What is a characteristic of the fibers in abdominal visceral innervation?
they are almost exclusively myelinated A-delta and unmyelinated C fibers
What is the usual location of the greater splanchnic nerve in relation to the T12 vertebral body?
Anterolateral
From which spinal cord segments do the fibers of the lesser splanchnic nerve arise?
T9-T11
What is the shape of the celiac ganglia?
Oval
What is the approximate width of the celiac ganglia?
0.5-4.5 cm
What structures are contained in the prevertebral retroperitoneal space?
Aorta, IVC, lymph nodes, veins of azygos system, cisterna chyli, and diaphragmatic crura
What is the approximate level of the inferior border of the celiac plexus?
T12-L2
What is the typical origin of the greater splanchnic nerve?
T5 to T9
What is the location of the celiac ganglia in relation to the aorta?
Ventrolaterally
What is the percentage of cases where the lesser splanchnic nerve is not present?
30%
What is the location of the fusion of the celiac ganglia?
Lower border of the L2 vertebra
What is the path taken by the greater splanchnic nerve after originating from the spinal cord?
It passes through the crura of the diaphragm and enters the retroperitoneal space
normally, of how many splanchnic nerves the celiac plexus is composed?
2 or 3 splanchnic nerves
Test your knowledge of abdominal visceral pain signals, innervation of parietal peritoneum, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers involved in the gastrointestinal system. Understand the somatosensory system and its role in abdominal pain. Explore the specifics of innervation in the upper abdomen.
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