Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the vascular supply of the midgut?
What is the vascular supply of the midgut?
- Superior mesenteric artery (correct)
- Celiac trunk
- Gastroduodenal artery
- Inferior mesenteric artery
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the foregut?
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the foregut?
- Tonsils
- Kidneys (correct)
- Duodenum
- Trachea
What is the embryonic origin of the epithelium in the stomodeum?
What is the embryonic origin of the epithelium in the stomodeum?
- Surface ectoderm (correct)
- Endoderm
- Mesoderm
- Ectoderm
What happens to the primordial gut during the 4th week of embryonic development?
What happens to the primordial gut during the 4th week of embryonic development?
Which of the following structures is derived from the hindgut?
Which of the following structures is derived from the hindgut?
What is the result of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
What is the result of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
What is the vascular supply of the hindgut?
What is the vascular supply of the hindgut?
At what stage of development does the liver, gallbladder, and biliary duct system arise?
At what stage of development does the liver, gallbladder, and biliary duct system arise?
What is the anatomical location of the hepatic diverticulum?
What is the anatomical location of the hepatic diverticulum?
What is the purpose of the omental foramen of Winslow?
What is the purpose of the omental foramen of Winslow?
What is the approximate incidence of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in males?
What is the approximate incidence of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in males?
What is the origin of the hepatic cords?
What is the origin of the hepatic cords?
What is the origin of the stroma, hematopoietic tissue, and Kupffer cells in the liver?
What is the origin of the stroma, hematopoietic tissue, and Kupffer cells in the liver?
What determines the development and functional segmentation of the liver?
What determines the development and functional segmentation of the liver?
When does the liver account for ~10% of the total weight of the fetus?
When does the liver account for ~10% of the total weight of the fetus?
What is the function of the left umbilical vein in the fetus?
What is the function of the left umbilical vein in the fetus?
What is the effect of bile entering the duodenum through the bile duct after the 13th week on the meconium?
What is the effect of bile entering the duodenum through the bile duct after the 13th week on the meconium?
What is the characteristic of congenital anomalies of the liver?
What is the characteristic of congenital anomalies of the liver?
Flashcards
Hepatic diverticulum origin
Hepatic diverticulum origin
The hepatic diverticulum develops from embryonic endoderm during the 4th week.
Septum transversum role
Septum transversum role
The septum transversum, a mesodermal mass, guides the hepatic diverticulum's growth.
Liver's growth period
Liver's growth period
The liver rapidly grows from weeks 5-10, filling the upper abdominal cavity.
Blood's impact on liver development
Blood's impact on liver development
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Hematopoiesis in liver (week)
Hematopoiesis in liver (week)
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Liver's fetal weight
Liver's fetal weight
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Bile formation (week)
Bile formation (week)
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Meconium color (week)
Meconium color (week)
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Primordial gut segments
Primordial gut segments
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Foregut derivatives (general)
Foregut derivatives (general)
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Pyloric stenosis incidence
Pyloric stenosis incidence
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Pyloric stenosis symptom
Pyloric stenosis symptom
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Pharyngeal apparatus components
Pharyngeal apparatus components
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Study Notes
Liver: Embryology
- The liver, gallbladder, and biliary duct system arise from the hepatic diverticulum, which develops from embryonic endoderm in the 4th week.
- The hepatic diverticulum extends into the septum transversum, a mass of LP splanchnic mesoderm between the developing heart and midgut, forming the ventral mesentery.
- The liver grows rapidly from the 5th to 10th weeks, filling a large part of the upper abdominal cavity.
- The quantity of oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein determines the development and functional segmentation of the liver.
Development of Liver
- Hematopoiesis begins during the 6th week.
- By the 9th week, the liver accounts for ~ 10% of the total weight of the fetus.
- Bile formation by hepatic cells begins during the 12th week.
- Bile entering the duodenum through the bile duct after the 13th week gives meconium a dark green color.
Clinical Correlates
- Minor variations of liver lobulation are common.
- Congenital anomalies of the liver are rare.
- Variations of the hepatic ducts, bile duct, and cystic duct are common, clinically significant, and may include accessory hepatic ducts.
Gastrointestinal System: Embryology
- The primordial gut at the beginning of the 4th week is closed at the cranial end by the oropharyngeal membrane and at the caudal end by the cloacal membrane.
- The embryonic layers of the primordial gut give rise to epithelia and glands from endoderm and stroma from LP splanchnic mesoderm.
- The primordial gut is divided into three regions: foregut, midgut, and hindgut, each with distinct vascularization.
Foregut Derivatives
- Derivatives of the foregut include the primordial pharynx, oral cavity, teeth, pharynx, tongue, tonsils, salivary glands, upper respiratory system, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, and extrahepatic biliary system.
Stomach: Embryology
- Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an anomaly of the stomach that affects 1:150 males and 1:750 females.
- The disorder is characterized by a marked thickening of the pyloric sphincter, resulting in severe stenosis of the pyloric canal and obstruction to the passage of food.
Oral Cavity
- The pharyngeal apparatus consists of pharyngeal arches, membranes, pouches, and the omental bursa.
- The omental bursa communicates with the peritoneal cavity through the omental (epiploic) foramen of Winslow.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the embryology of the gastrointestinal system, including the development of the primordial gut, the role of embryonic layers, and the formation of epithelia and glands.
