Chapter 15: Gastrointestinal System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

The gastrointestinal system is made up of two sections: the _____________ and the _____________

gastrointestinal tract; accessory organs

The epiglottis blocks food from entering the ________

trachea

Most fluids are absorbed in the _______

small intestine

Feces is eliminated from the body by ________ through the anus

<p>peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The large intestine helps regulate water balance by absorbing _______ and _________ and eliminating solid waste products as feces

<p>water; electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functions of the gastrointestinal system are ___________ and ________ of food, absorption of nutrients, and _________ of waste products

<p>ingestion of food; digestion; elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

As a person ages, he may find it harder to taste foods

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

An older person may be constipated more often

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Difficulty chewing and swallowing may occur as a person ages

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

An increase in the ability to absorb vitamins and minerals is a normal change of aging

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

As a person ages, she may have an increase of saliva and other digestive fluids

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solid waste products eliminated by the colon are called

<p>Feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should normal stool look like?

<p>It should be brown and formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of bowel elimination?

<p>There should not be any pain when passing stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

The best position for bowel elimination is

<p>Squatting and leaning forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be increased if constipation is a problem?

<p>Whole grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a NA place a standard bedpan?

<p>The wider end should be aligned with the resident's buttocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of elimination equipment used for people who cannot lift their buttocks onto a standard bedpan?

<p>Fracture pan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does constipation refer to?

<p>Inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Chrohn's disease?

<p>Causes the lining of the digestive tract to become inflamed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diarrhea?

<p>Frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diverticulitis?

<p>Inflammation of sacs that develop in the wall of the large intestine due to diverticulosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diverticulosis?

<p>Sac-like pouchings develop in weakened areas of the wall of the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fecal impaction?

<p>Mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fecal incontinence?

<p>Inability to control the muscles of the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool or gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is flatulence?

<p>Air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gastroesophageal reflux disease?

<p>Chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is heartburn?

<p>Results from a weakening of the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagus and the stomach; also known as acid reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hemorrhoids?

<p>Enlarged veins in the rectum that can cause itching, burning, pain, and bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is irritable bowel syndrome?

<p>Chronic condition of the large intestine that is worsened by stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is malabsorption?

<p>Condition in which the body cannot absorb or digest a particular nutrient properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ulcerative colitis?

<p>Chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ulcers?

<p>Raw sores in stomach and small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

An enema is given when help is needed _________ stool from the colon.

<p>eliminating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enemas are also ordered in preparation for a(n) ____________ or __________

<p>diagnostic test; surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ water, __________ and ________ enemas are considered cleansing enemas

<p>tap; soapsuds; saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the enema, the resident should be in the _______ position

<p>sim's</p> Signup and view all the answers

When giving an enema, the NA should stop immediately if the resident has ______ or if the NA feels resistance

<p>pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goals of using an oil-retention enema include lubricating the intestine, softening ________, and reducing ______ with bowel movements

<p>stools; straining</p> Signup and view all the answers

A specimen is a sample used for analysis and diagnosis

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A stool sample may be tested for blood, pathogens, or other things

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If stool needs to be tested for ova and parasites, the NA should place the specimen on ice before taking it to the lab

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specimens are generally stored in the same refrigerators that are used for food and drinks

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urine and toilet paper should not be included in a stool specimen

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plastic collection container called a 'hat' is sometimes inserted into a toilet to collect and measure urine or stool

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Collecting a specimen from a resident in isolation requires the same procedure as is used for a resident who is not in isolation

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside is called a(n)

<p>Ostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a resident has colostomy, stool will generally be

<p>Semi-solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is worn over a stoma to collect feces when a resident has an ostomy?

<p>Disposable pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

When giving ostomy care, in which direction should the NA wash?

<p>Away from the stoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is retraining in the context of bowel and bladder control?

<p>The process of assisting residents to regain control of their bowels or bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to be positive?

<p>Being this way is the opposite of being negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be offered at specific times each day?

<p>bedpan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be answered promptly during the retraining process?

<p>call lights</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wearing gloves while handling body wastes is a part of these guidelines?

<p>standard precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be predicted by observing elimination habits?

<p>bathroom times</p> Signup and view all the answers

Providing this as needed helps promote proper hygiene?

<p>Perineal care</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal System Overview

  • Comprises two primary sections: gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs.
  • Responsible for the ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

Anatomy and Functions

  • The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
  • Most fluid absorption occurs in the small intestine.
  • Feces are expelled through the anus via peristalsis.
  • The large intestine regulates water balance by absorbing water and electrolytes, while eliminating solid waste.

Aging and the Gastrointestinal System

  • Taste sensitivity may diminish with age, affecting food enjoyment.
  • Constipation is more prevalent among older adults due to various factors.
  • Difficulty with chewing and swallowing may increase in the elderly.
  • Aging does not lead to increased absorption of vitamins and minerals, nor to increased saliva production.

Bowel Elimination

  • Normal stool should appear brown and formed.
  • Bowel elimination should not cause pain; fecal incontinence is not a normal part of aging.
  • Best position for bowel elimination is squatting and leaning forward to aid in the process.
  • Constipation management can be improved by increasing intake of whole grains.

Enemas and Elimination Equipment

  • Standard bedpan placement should align the wider end with the resident's buttocks.
  • Fracture pans are useful for individuals who cannot lift themselves onto a standard bedpan.
  • Cleansing enemas include tap, soapsuds, and saline solutions.
  • During enemas, residents are positioned in the sim's position, and administration should stop upon pain or resistance.

Common Gastrointestinal Conditions

  • Constipation: Difficulty in stool elimination, often leading to hard, dry stool.
  • Diarrhea: Characterized by frequent elimination of liquid or semi-liquid feces.
  • Diverticulitis: Inflammation of small pouches in the large intestine.
  • Fecal incontinence: Loss of bowel control leading to involuntary stool passage.
  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Chronic condition aggravated by stress.

Specimen Collection and Testing

  • Correct specimen handling is crucial for analysis; stool should be free of urine and toilet paper.
  • Specimens require separate storage from food items to prevent contamination.
  • Procedures may differ for residents in isolation settings, emphasizing the need for adherence to specific protocols.

Ostomy Care

  • An ostomy is a surgical procedure creating an external opening for waste elimination.
  • Colostomy typically produces semi-solid stool.
  • Managed with a disposable pouch worn over the stoma, ensuring cleanliness is maintained by washing away from the stoma.

Health Promotion and Hygiene

  • Retraining involves assisting residents in regaining bowel and bladder control, requiring timely responses to call lights.
  • Standard precautions include wearing gloves when handling body wastes to ensure hygiene and safety.
  • Perineal care is essential to promote proper hygiene in individuals dealing with elimination difficulties.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the gastrointestinal system with this chapter 15 quiz. Covering key terms and functions, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of how the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs work together. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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