Gastrointestinal Reactions & Nutrition
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Questions and Answers

Which disease is the cause of about 60%–80% of all cases of dementia?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Parkinson disease
  • Alzheimer disease (correct)
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • During which stage of Alzheimer disease do cognitive changes appear and are termed mild cognitive impairment?

  • Third stage
  • Preclinical stage
  • Second stage (correct)
  • First stage
  • What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

  • To improve memory
  • To slow the progression (correct)
  • To cure the disease
  • To stop the symptoms
  • When are drugs used to treat mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer disease typically prescribed?

    <p>During the second stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is more likely to cause nausea and severe vomiting in clients?

    <p>Rivastigmine (Exelon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for restarting drug therapy at the lowest dose possible?

    <p>To reduce nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should rivastigmine be taken as an oral solution?

    <p>Mixed with a small glass of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first combined cholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist drug on the market?

    <p>Namzaric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is used to treat early and moderate stages of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Cholinesterase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>They decrease nerve impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness and headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to using drugs to slow Alzheimer's disease symptoms?

    <p>Early diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a suggestion for gathering preadministration assessment data before the initial administration of antidementia drugs?

    <p>Reviewing the client's medical and mental health history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>Risk for injury related to dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an expected outcome for a client taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>Decreased risk of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a client experiences nausea and vomiting while taking an antidementia drug?

    <p>Modify the client's environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?

    <p>Ascriptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supplement is based on the idea that brain cell death and subsequent dementia is related to the amount of calcium in the cells of the brain?

    <p>Apoaequorin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?

    <p>40 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ginkgo contraindicated in clients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants?

    <p>It may cause a toxic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, when should clients evaluate their ability to drive?

    <p>Before taking any nonprescription drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what should clients do to remind themselves to take medication?

    <p>Keep track of when the drug is taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what adverse reactions should be immediately reported?

    <p>Severe vomiting, dehydration, or changes in neurologic functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what adverse reactions should be reported if experienced for more than a few days?

    <p>Nausea, diarrhea, difficulty sleeping, vomiting, or loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what should clients do if they have a history of ulcers?

    <p>Notify the primary health care provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of the drugs mentioned?

    <p>To slow the mental and physical degeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected by antidementia drugs?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Decrease in cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To increase acetylcholine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To regulate glutamate activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter sends impulses across the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the progressive neurologic disorder that affects cognition, emotion, and movement called?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tangles of protein in nerve tissue called?

    <p>Neurofibrillary tangles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decrease in cognitive function called?

    <p>Dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for restarting drug therapy at the lowest dose possible?

    <p>To minimize adverse reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter sends impulses across the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decrease in cognitive function called?

    <p>Dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?

    <p>Alzheimer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of Alzheimer disease do measurable changes occur in the brain, but the individual does not experience changes in cognitive or functional ability?

    <p>Preclinical stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misunderstanding about drugs used to treat dementia?

    <p>They slow the progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer disease?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is marketed as a popular product for memory enhancement and is based on the idea that brain cell death and subsequent dementia is related to the amount of calcium in the cells of the brain?

    <p>Apoaequorin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is thought to improve memory and brain function, enhance circulation to the brain, heart, limbs, and eyes, but has conflicting research on its ability to enhance memory?

    <p>Ginkgo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction may occur when a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist is administered with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?

    <p>Increased risk of GI bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is contraindicated in clients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants due to the risk of a toxic reaction?

    <p>Ginkgo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?

    <p>Ginkgo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?

    <p>One daily pill in the evening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter sends impulses across the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To slow the progression of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used to treat symptoms of depression and anxiety in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>To increase the level of acetylcholine in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by brain changes detectable on an MRI but no cognitive changes?

    <p>Stage 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected by NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a suggested tool for gathering preadministration assessment data before the initial administration of antidementia drugs?

    <p>Objective data such as vital signs and weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an ongoing assessment that should be performed on clients taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>Comparing initial assessments with ongoing assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>Risk for injury related to dizziness or syncope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an expected outcome for a client taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>Improved memory and cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?

    <p>Severe vomiting and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the nurse place a cholinesterase inhibitor transdermal patch to prevent easy removal by the client?

    <p>Lower back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tools can be used to remind the client to take medication or determine whether the medication has been taken for the day?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reactions should be reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?

    <p>Severe vomiting, dehydration, and changes in neurologic functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reactions should be reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?

    <p>Severe vomiting, dehydration, and changes in neurologic functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To slow the mental and physical degeneration associated with the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected by cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>To decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To block the action of glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is used to treat early and moderate stages of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Memory and thinking problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected by cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To increase the level of acetylcholine in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fluid intake for clients taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>6-8 glasses of water daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>Risk for injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>To slow down the progression of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer disease?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of Alzheimer disease do measurable changes occur in the brain, but the individual does not experience changes in cognitive or functional ability?

    <p>Preclinical stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?

    <p>Alzheimer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To slow the progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?

    <p>Ascriptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction of ginkgo extract?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for taking ginkgo extract?

    <p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to the administration of antidementia drugs?

    <p>Impaired memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?

    <p>Risk for impaired skin integrity related to transdermal patch application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?

    <p>200 mg per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is contraindicated in clients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants due to the risk of a toxic reaction?

    <p>Rivastigmine (Exelon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?

    <p>Severe vomiting and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tools can be used to remind clients to take their medication or determine whether it has been taken for the day?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the nurse place a cholinesterase inhibitor transdermal patch to prevent easy removal by the client?

    <p>Upper arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clients do if they have a history of ulcers?

    <p>Notify the primary health care provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reactions should be reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?

    <p>Severe vomiting, dehydration, and changes in neurologic functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To slow the progression of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?

    <p>Alzheimer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>To slow the progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To slow the progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are drugs used to treat mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer disease typically prescribed?

    <p>During the second stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse reaction that should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?

    <p>Gastrointestinal (GI) distress symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>To increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?

    <p>The recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function varies and should be determined by a healthcare professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tangles of protein in nerve tissue called?

    <p>Amyloid tangles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction of rivastigmine (Exelon)?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary health care provider's approach to reducing nausea and vomiting in clients taking rivastigmine (Exelon)?

    <p>Discontinue use of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first combined cholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist drug on the market?

    <p>Namzaric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Other medical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is used to treat early and moderate stages of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Cholinesterase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To increase the level of acetylcholine in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is affected by NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?

    <p>Ascriptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?

    <p>Alzheimer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To enhance memory and brain function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what should be done if a client experiences nausea and vomiting while taking an antidementia drug?

    <p>Consult a primary health care provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to the administration of antidementia drugs?

    <p>Impaired verbal communication related to cognitive decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To slow the progression of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a suggestion for gathering preadministration assessment data before the initial administration of antidementia drugs?

    <p>Conducting a cognitive screen with tools such as the Mini-Mental Status Examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?

    <p>Severe vomiting and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tools can be used to remind the client to take medication or determine whether the medication has been taken for the day?

    <p>Using a pill counter and cell phone alarms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the nurse place a cholinesterase inhibitor transdermal patch to prevent easy removal by the client?

    <p>Lower back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clients do before taking any nonprescription drug?

    <p>Discuss with their primary health care provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To slow the progression of AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should clients be evaluated for their continued ability to drive?

    <p>Discuss with their primary health care provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

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