124 Questions
Which disease is the cause of about 60%–80% of all cases of dementia?
Alzheimer disease
During which stage of Alzheimer disease do cognitive changes appear and are termed mild cognitive impairment?
Second stage
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the progression
When are drugs used to treat mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer disease typically prescribed?
During the second stage
Which medication is more likely to cause nausea and severe vomiting in clients?
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
What is the primary reason for restarting drug therapy at the lowest dose possible?
To reduce nausea and vomiting
How should rivastigmine be taken as an oral solution?
Mixed with a small glass of water
What is the first combined cholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist drug on the market?
Namzaric
Which class of drugs is used to treat early and moderate stages of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease?
Cholinesterase inhibitors
What is the function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
They decrease nerve impulse transmission
Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists?
Dizziness and headache
What is the key to using drugs to slow Alzheimer's disease symptoms?
Early diagnosis
Which of the following is a suggestion for gathering preadministration assessment data before the initial administration of antidementia drugs?
Reviewing the client's medical and mental health history
Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?
Risk for injury related to dizziness
Which of the following is an expected outcome for a client taking antidementia drugs?
Decreased risk of injury
What should be done if a client experiences nausea and vomiting while taking an antidementia drug?
Modify the client's environment
Which drug is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?
Ascriptin
Which supplement is based on the idea that brain cell death and subsequent dementia is related to the amount of calcium in the cells of the brain?
Apoaequorin
What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?
40 mg
Why is ginkgo contraindicated in clients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants?
It may cause a toxic reaction
According to the text, when should clients evaluate their ability to drive?
Before taking any nonprescription drug
According to the text, what should clients do to remind themselves to take medication?
Keep track of when the drug is taken
According to the text, what adverse reactions should be immediately reported?
Severe vomiting, dehydration, or changes in neurologic functioning
According to the text, what adverse reactions should be reported if experienced for more than a few days?
Nausea, diarrhea, difficulty sleeping, vomiting, or loss of appetite
According to the text, what should clients do if they have a history of ulcers?
Notify the primary health care provider
According to the text, what is the purpose of the drugs mentioned?
To slow the mental and physical degeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease
Which neurotransmitter is affected by antidementia drugs?
Acetylcholine
What is the primary symptom of Alzheimer's disease?
Decrease in cognitive function
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?
To increase acetylcholine levels
What is the function of N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To regulate glutamate activity
Which neurotransmitter sends impulses across the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What is the progressive neurologic disorder that affects cognition, emotion, and movement called?
Alzheimer's disease
What are the tangles of protein in nerve tissue called?
Neurofibrillary tangles
What is the decrease in cognitive function called?
Dementia
Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists?
Headache
What is the primary reason for restarting drug therapy at the lowest dose possible?
To minimize adverse reactions
Which neurotransmitter sends impulses across the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What is the decrease in cognitive function called?
Dementia
Which of the following is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?
Alzheimer disease
During which stage of Alzheimer disease do measurable changes occur in the brain, but the individual does not experience changes in cognitive or functional ability?
Preclinical stage
Which of the following is a common misunderstanding about drugs used to treat dementia?
They slow the progression
Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer disease?
Hypothyroidism
Which drug is marketed as a popular product for memory enhancement and is based on the idea that brain cell death and subsequent dementia is related to the amount of calcium in the cells of the brain?
Apoaequorin
Which herb is thought to improve memory and brain function, enhance circulation to the brain, heart, limbs, and eyes, but has conflicting research on its ability to enhance memory?
Ginkgo
Which drug interaction may occur when a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist is administered with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
Increased risk of GI bleeding
Which drug is contraindicated in clients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants due to the risk of a toxic reaction?
Ginkgo
Which medication is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?
Ginkgo
What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?
One daily pill in the evening
Which neurotransmitter sends impulses across the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the progression of the disease
Which class of drugs is commonly used to treat symptoms of depression and anxiety in Alzheimer's disease?
Antidepressants
What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
To increase the level of acetylcholine in the CNS
Which stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by brain changes detectable on an MRI but no cognitive changes?
Stage 1
Which neurotransmitter is affected by NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
Glutamate
Which of the following is a suggested tool for gathering preadministration assessment data before the initial administration of antidementia drugs?
Objective data such as vital signs and weight
Which of the following is an ongoing assessment that should be performed on clients taking antidementia drugs?
Comparing initial assessments with ongoing assessments
Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?
Risk for injury related to dizziness or syncope
Which of the following is an expected outcome for a client taking antidementia drugs?
Improved memory and cognitive function
Which adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?
Severe vomiting and dehydration
Where should the nurse place a cholinesterase inhibitor transdermal patch to prevent easy removal by the client?
Lower back
What tools can be used to remind the client to take medication or determine whether the medication has been taken for the day?
All of the above
What adverse reactions should be reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?
Severe vomiting, dehydration, and changes in neurologic functioning
What adverse reactions should be reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?
Severe vomiting, dehydration, and changes in neurologic functioning
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the mental and physical degeneration associated with the disease
Which neurotransmitter is affected by cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?
Acetylcholine
What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
To decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine
Which of the following is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?
Alzheimer's disease
What is the purpose of N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To block the action of glutamate
Which class of drugs is used to treat early and moderate stages of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease?
Cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists
What is the primary symptom of Alzheimer's disease?
Memory and thinking problems
Which neurotransmitter is affected by cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
Acetylcholine
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To increase the level of acetylcholine in the central nervous system
Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists?
Dizziness
What is the recommended fluid intake for clients taking antidementia drugs?
6-8 glasses of water daily
Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?
Risk for injury
What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
To slow down the progression of the disease
Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer disease?
Hypothyroidism
During which stage of Alzheimer disease do measurable changes occur in the brain, but the individual does not experience changes in cognitive or functional ability?
Preclinical stage
What is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?
Alzheimer disease
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the progression
Which of the following drugs is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?
Ascriptin
Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction of ginkgo extract?
Diarrhea
Which of the following is a contraindication for taking ginkgo extract?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants
Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to the administration of antidementia drugs?
Impaired memory
Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer's disease?
Depression
Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to drug administration for clients taking antidementia drugs?
Risk for impaired skin integrity related to transdermal patch application
What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?
200 mg per day
Which drug is contraindicated in clients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants due to the risk of a toxic reaction?
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Which of the following adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?
Severe vomiting and dehydration
What tools can be used to remind clients to take their medication or determine whether it has been taken for the day?
All of the above
Where should the nurse place a cholinesterase inhibitor transdermal patch to prevent easy removal by the client?
Upper arm
What should clients do if they have a history of ulcers?
Notify the primary health care provider
What adverse reactions should be reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?
Severe vomiting, dehydration, and changes in neurologic functioning
What is the primary purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the progression of the disease
Which of the following is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?
Alzheimer disease
What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
To slow the progression
What is the purpose of N-methyl-daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the progression
When are drugs used to treat mild to moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer disease typically prescribed?
During the second stage
Which of the following is an adverse reaction that should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?
Gastrointestinal (GI) distress symptoms
What is the primary function of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
To increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain
What is the recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function?
The recommended dose of ginkgo extract for enhancing memory and brain function varies and should be determined by a healthcare professional
What are the tangles of protein in nerve tissue called?
Amyloid tangles
Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction of rivastigmine (Exelon)?
Constipation
What is the primary health care provider's approach to reducing nausea and vomiting in clients taking rivastigmine (Exelon)?
Discontinue use of the drug
What is the first combined cholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist drug on the market?
Namzaric
Which of the following is a potential cause of thinking or memory changes that should be ruled out during the second stage of Alzheimer's disease?
Other medical conditions
Which class of drugs is used to treat early and moderate stages of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease?
Cholinesterase inhibitors
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?
To increase the level of acetylcholine in the central nervous system
Which neurotransmitter is affected by NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
Glutamate
What adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider if experienced for more than a few days?
All of the above
Which of the following drugs is commonly used for pain relief but may also increase the risk of GI bleeding when taken with a cholinesterase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist?
Ascriptin
What is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?
Alzheimer disease
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To enhance memory and brain function
According to the text, what should be done if a client experiences nausea and vomiting while taking an antidementia drug?
Consult a primary health care provider
Which of the following is a potential nursing diagnosis related to the administration of antidementia drugs?
Impaired verbal communication related to cognitive decline
What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the progression of symptoms
Which of the following is a suggestion for gathering preadministration assessment data before the initial administration of antidementia drugs?
Conducting a cognitive screen with tools such as the Mini-Mental Status Examination
What is the primary cause of dementia in about 60%–80% of all cases?
Alzheimer's disease
Which of the following adverse reactions should be immediately reported to the primary health care provider?
Severe vomiting and dehydration
What tools can be used to remind the client to take medication or determine whether the medication has been taken for the day?
Using a pill counter and cell phone alarms
Where should the nurse place a cholinesterase inhibitor transdermal patch to prevent easy removal by the client?
Lower back
What should clients do before taking any nonprescription drug?
Discuss with their primary health care provider
What is the primary purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of dementia?
To slow the progression of AD
When should clients be evaluated for their continued ability to drive?
Discuss with their primary health care provider
Test your knowledge on adverse gastrointestinal reactions associated with rivastigmine (Exelon) in this quiz. Learn about strategies to minimize these side effects and promote nutrition in clients taking cholinesterase inhibitors.
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