Gastrointestinal Disorders and Endocrine Pathologies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of insulin?

Regulating blood glucose levels and promoting the uptake of glucose by cells (correct)

Promoting anabolism and storing foodstuffs inside cells

Increasing catabolism and breaking down stored food to release into the blood

Converting amino acids and free fatty acids into ketones

What is the expected effect of an insulinoma that secretes insulin?

High blood glucose and increased anabolism

High blood glucose and increased catabolism

Low blood glucose and increased catabolism

Low blood glucose and increased anabolism (correct)

What is the likely effect of a glucagonoma that secretes glucagon?

Low blood glucose and increased anabolism

Low blood glucose and increased catabolism

High blood glucose and increased catabolism (correct)

High blood glucose and increased anabolism

Why is the woman with an insulinoma likely to have low blood glucose?

As a result of too much anabolism and storage of foodstuffs inside cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endocrine pancreas?

Releases hormones into the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone causes cells to release stored food into the blood, increasing blood glucose levels?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What hormone allows cells to take up glucose from the blood, decreasing blood glucose levels?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

When do you think you had your highest insulin levels?

Right after a high-carbohydrate meal Signup and view all the answers

If someone lacks insulin, what happens to their blood amino acid levels?

Rise Signup and view all the answers

What type of diabetes mellitus is predominantly caused by an autoimmune process?

Type 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Impaired ability of tissues to use insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Insulin replacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Sedentary lifestyle and obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defects would be least likely to respond to insulin?

Genetic defects in the insulin receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the development of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia in diabetes mellitus?

Hyperglycemia and glucosuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia and glucosuria in type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Pancreatic beta cell destruction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criterion for metabolic syndrome?

Increased fasting blood glucose Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Hormonal changes and psychological stress Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions can cause Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB)?

Diverticulosis and angiodysplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is uncommon in type 2 diabetes?

Ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Increased fiber in diet Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB)?

Gastritis and peptic ulcer disease Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of metabolic syndrome?

Central obesity, high blood pressure, and decreased fasting blood glucose Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB)?

Diverticulosis and angiodysplasia Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB)?

Gastritis and peptic ulcer disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a criterion for metabolic syndrome?

Increased fasting blood glucose Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Hormonal changes and psychological stress Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Endocrine Pathologies Summary

Ketoacidosis is uncommon in type 2 diabetes
Metabolic syndrome is a combination of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure
Criteria for metabolic syndrome include central obesity, high blood pressure, increased fasting blood glucose, elevated fasting plasma triglyceride levels, and functional disorder
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) causes chronic symptoms of abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea
Gastrointestinal Bleeding (GIB) can originate from upper (peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss tears) or lower (diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, polyps, hemorrhoids, fissures) parts of the GI tract
Upper GIB can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss tears
Lower GIB can be caused by diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, polyps, hemorrhoids, and fissures
Treatment for IBS includes antidiarrheal agents, antispasmodic medications, and increased fiber in diet
Causes of upper GIB include peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tear
Lower GIB can be caused by diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, polyps, hemorrhoids, and fissures
Hormonal changes, ingestion of irritants, lactose intolerance, and psychological stress are common causes of IBS
Endocrine pathologies include hypersecretion and hyposecretion of hormones, primary vs. secondary endocrine pathologies, and disorders related to thyroid, parathyroid, and diabetes insipidus

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Description

Test your knowledge of gastrointestinal disorders and endocrine pathologies with this quiz. Explore topics such as metabolic syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal bleeding, and endocrine pathologies. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for these conditions.