16 Questions
What hormone is released from G cells of the antral mucosa by acetylcholine, stretch, and dietary proteins?
Gastrin
What are the common diseases related to gastric acid secretion mentioned in the text?
Dyspepsia / Indigestion, Peptic ulcers (gastric or duodenal ulcers), Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients
What are the main functions of the large intestine?
Absorbing water and electrolytes, producing and absorbing vitamins (commensal bacteria), forming and propelling faeces toward the rectum for elimination
What are the two types of drugs mentioned for the inhibition of gastric acid secretion?
Histamine H2 receptor antagonist, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
What is the function of alginates in the neutralization of gastric acid?
Raft-forming
What are the three main functions of the duodenum?
Receives partially digested material (chyme) from the stomach, receives bile and pancreatic juice via the Sphincter of Oddi, neutralization of stomach acid
What hormone is responsible for the contraction of the gall bladder and the release of bile into the duodenum?
Cholecystokinin
What is the fate of bile salts in the small intestine?
Bile salts remain in the small intestine and are reused for micelle formation.
What percentage of bile salts are reabsorbed into the enterocytes and the circulation by active transport from the terminal ileum?
95%
What are some common problems associated with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) related to malabsorption?
Malabsorption, Diarrhoea, Steatorrhoea, Constipation
What are the three specific amino acid transporters responsible for moving amino acids out of the enterocytes?
Facilitated diffusion
What process makes fats available to enzymes at the water/lipid interface?
Emulsification
Where does the absorption of fats mainly occur?
Upper jejunum
What happens to medium-chain fatty acids in the intracellular processing of fats?
Pass directly into the bloodstream
How are long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides processed in the intracellular processing of fats?
Re-esterified into triglycerides in the endoplasmic reticulum of the enterocyte
What is required for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the stomach?
Intrinsic factor
Test your knowledge about the actions and interactions of gastrin, histamine, and cholinoceptors in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. Explore the roles of these hormones and receptors in the digestive system.
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