Gastric Anatomy and Cancer Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main divisions of the stomach?

The stomach is divided into the cardia and the pylorus.

What are the four layers of the stomach wall?

The stomach wall is composed of four layers: serous tunic, muscular tunic, submucous tunic, and mucous tunic.

What are the three primary functions of the gastric glands?

The gastric glands secrete mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid (HCl).

What is the main artery that supplies blood to the stomach?

The celiac trunk is the main artery responsible for supplying blood to the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the small curvature of the stomach?

The left gastric artery, also known as the coronary artery of the stomach, supplies blood to the small curvature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the great curvature of the stomach?

The right gastroepiploic artery supplies blood to the great curvature of the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the location of the pyloric artery.

The pyloric artery, also known as the right gastric artery, is located anterior to the pylorus and is directed towards the small gastric curvature. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the fundus of the stomach?

The short gastric arteries, originating from the splenic artery, supply blood to the fundus of the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of nerve plexuses found in the stomach wall?

The Auerbach nerve plexus and the Meissner nerve plexus are located in the stomach wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical landmark that separates the gastric fundus from the gastric body?

The horizontal line passing through the angle of His separates the gastric fundus from the gastric body. Signup and view all the answers

What are three potential complications of gastric cancer if left untreated?

Bleeding, pyloric stenosis, perforation Signup and view all the answers

List three tumor markers that are associated with gastric cancer.

Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen Signup and view all the answers

Describe two types of surgical treatment for gastric cancer based on the location of the tumor.

Subtotal resection and total resection Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemotherapy in treating gastric cancer, and what are two possible routes of administration?

Chemotherapy is used to treat gastric cancer, and it can be administered through general or local intraperitoneal routes. Signup and view all the answers

How can Tomocomputer imaging be valuable in the diagnosis of gastric cancer?

Tomocomputer imaging can help identify thickening of the gastric wall, extension in neighboring regions, and liver metastases. Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the main ways in which the body protects its mucosa?

Prostaglandins, mucus, bicarbonate, and microcirculation all contribute to mucosal protection. Signup and view all the answers

How does nitric oxide aid in mucosal protection?

Nitric oxide increases mucus production and improves circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a gastric erosion and a deep acute ulcer?

A gastric erosion does not exceed the muscularis mucosae, while a deep acute ulcer involves nearly all layers of the gastric wall. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common complications that can arise from a deep acute ulcer?

Hemorrhage and perforation are potential complications of a deep acute ulcer. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the typical characteristics of a chronic gastric ulcer.

Chronic ulcers are larger than 2-5 cm in diameter and surrounded by chronic inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinguishing feature of a Johnson type 1 gastric ulcer?

Type 1 ulcers are associated with reduced acid secretion. Signup and view all the answers

What blood group is more commonly linked to a Johnson type 1 ulcer?

Type 1 ulcers are more common in individuals with blood group A. Signup and view all the answers

How does a Johnson type 2 ulcer differ from a type 1 ulcer in terms of acid secretion?

Type 2 ulcers are characterized by increased HCl levels. Signup and view all the answers

Where are Johnson type 4 and type 5 gastric ulcers typically located?

Type 4 ulcers are located on the small high curvature near the gastroesophageal junction, while type 5 ulcers can be found in various locations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of type 5 gastric ulcers?

Type 5 ulcers often result from chronic aspirin or anti-inflammatory drug ingestion. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms associated with gastric ulcers?

Pain, vomiting, and nausea are common symptoms of gastric ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a radiologic examination for gastric ulcers?

Radiologic examinations can reveal direct and indirect signs of gastric ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

What key advantages does gastric endoscopy offer over radiologic examination for diagnosing gastric ulcers?

Endoscopy allows direct visualization of the ulcer, biopsy of the lesion, and assessment of the surrounding tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Helicobacter pylori infection in relation to gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori infection is almost always present in gastric ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of gastric ulcers?

Hemorrhage is the most common complication of gastric ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of duodenal ulcers, specifically related to Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori is identified as a major cause of duodenal ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

How is Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosed?

It can be diagnosed through tissue biopsy, urease test, serologic test, or DNA identification. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antimicrobial therapy in treating ulcer diseases?

Antimicrobial therapy has a higher cure percentage compared to H2 receptor antagonists. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the preepithelial barrier that protect gastric mucosa?

The preepithelial barrier consists of mucus and bicarbonate. Signup and view all the answers

What factors are associated with gastric ulcers in terms of gastric secretions?

Gastric ulcers exhibit less acidopeptic hypersecretion compared to duodenal ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

What does TNM staging classify?

TNM staging classifies the extent of cancer based on tumor size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and metastasis (M). Signup and view all the answers

Which histologic grade indicates a well-differentiated tumor?

G1 indicates a well-differentiated tumor. Signup and view all the answers

Name two signs that can appear during the state period of cancer.

Asthenia and weight loss are two signs that can appear during the state period of cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method for diagnosing early cancers?

Endoscopy is the best test for diagnosing early cancers. Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'plant form' appearance indicate in radiologic examination?

A 'plant form' appearance indicates lacunar images in the radiologic examination. Signup and view all the answers

What do stomach veins form between the glandular fundus and the mucosal muscle?

Venous plexuses. Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the lymphatic drainage zones of the stomach.

Zone I. Signup and view all the answers

What type of secretion is gastrin classified as?

Endocrine secretion. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?

Vagus nerve. Signup and view all the answers

What pH range is typical for gastric fluid secretion?

0.8 - 1.5. Signup and view all the answers

Identify one component of gastric secretions that protects the stomach lining.

Gastric mucus. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is referred to as the 'antrum'?

Distal part of the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myenteric cells in the stomach?

They serve as a pacemaker coordinating peristaltic activity. Signup and view all the answers

How many lymphatic stations are recognized around the stomach?

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What does the term 'receptive relaxation' refer to in stomach physiology?

The ability of the stomach to relax and accommodate food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of somatostatin in the stomach?

Regulating acid secretion and gastrin release. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily secretion volume of gastric fluid?

About 1.5 - 3 liters. Signup and view all the answers

What do the sympathetic fibers in the stomach primarily come from?

Celiac plexus. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anthropic pump' refer to in the stomach?

The rhythmic peristaltic movements in the distal stomach. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stomach Overview

Location: Between esophagus and duodenum; in the suprameocolic floor of the gastric box.
Shape: "J" shaped, with small and great curvatures.
Sphincters: Cardia (esophagus junction) and pylorus (duodenum junction).
Subdivisions: Fundus, body, pyloric antrum.
Layers: Serous, muscular (Auerbach plexus), submucosal (Meissner plexus), mucosal (cardial, fundic, and pyloric glands).

Stomach Vascularization

Arteries: Left gastric (from celiac trunk), right gastric (from common hepatic), right/left gastroepiploic (from splenic/duodenal arteries).
Veins: Blood drains into portal vein.
Lymphatics: Four drainage zones (small curvature, antral regions, etc.), leading to regional lymph nodes and thoracic duct.

Stomach Physiology

Motor: Proximal stomach (reservoir), distal stomach (pumping).
Secretory: Gastric fluid (HCl, pepsinogen), mucus, gastrin (endocrine).
pH: 0.8-1.5, protective mucus layer.

Paraclinical Investigations

Radiology: Useful for detecting ulcers and gastric lesions (barium contrast).
Endoscopy: Allows visualization, biopsy for diagnosis.
H. pylori: Key cause of ulcers, diagnosed by Giemsa staining or urease test.

Gastric Ulcer

Etiology: Acidopeptic hypersecretion, H. pylori, smoking, alcohol.
Types: Acute (erosions or deep ulcers), chronic (over 2-5 cm).
Symptoms: Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, relieved by vomiting/antacids.

Benign Tumors

Types: Polyps, fibrous/myo/lipo tumors, neurogenic/vascular tumors.
Symptoms: Weight loss, anemia, epigastric discomfort.
Diagnosis: Endoscopy, contrast-enhanced radiography.

Malignant Tumors

Types: Epithelial (carcinomas), mesenchymal (sarcomas, lymphomas).
Symptoms: Dyspepsia, weight loss, epigastric pain, vomiting, hematemesis.
Diagnosis: Endoscopy, imaging, biopsy.

Treatment

Medical: Antacids, H2 antagonists, antibiotics for H. pylori.
Surgical: Resection (subtotal/total), vagotomy, resection for malignant lesions.
Adjuvant: Chemotherapy, radiotherapy post-surgery.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the stomach and its relationship to gastric cancer. This quiz covers key structures, blood supply, nerve plexuses, and treatment options for gastric cancer. Ideal for students studying human anatomy or medical professionals.