Gas Laws: Charles's, Boyle's and General Gas Laws

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Questions and Answers

A balloon contains 10L of gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If the amount of gas is doubled, what will the new volume be, assuming temperature and pressure remain constant?

According to Avogadro's Law, if the amount of gas doubles while temperature and pressure are kept constant, the volume will also double. Therefore, the new volume will be 20L.

Explain how Avogadro's Law supports the concept of molar volume for gases at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. At STP, one mole of any ideal gas occupies approximately 22.4 liters, which is known as the molar volume. This is because one mole always contains Avogadro's number of molecules.

If you have two containers of equal volume, one filled with hydrogen gas and the other with oxygen gas, both at the same temperature and pressure, what does Avogadro's Law tell you about the number of molecules in each container?

Avogadro's Law tells us that both containers have the same number of molecules. This is because Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules, regardless of the gas's identity.

A container holds 5 moles of nitrogen gas at a certain temperature and pressure. If 3 more moles of nitrogen gas are added to the container without changing the temperature or pressure, by what factor will the volume increase?

The volume will increase by a factor of 1.6. Initially, there are 5 moles of gas. When 3 more moles are added, the total becomes 8 moles. According to Avogadro's Law, volume and the number of moles are directly proportional. Therefore, the new volume will be (8/5), or 1.6, times the original volume. Signup and view all the answers

How does the ideal gas law simplify under conditions where the number of moles and temperature are constant, and how does this relate to the proportional relationship described by Boyle's Law?

When the number of moles (n) and temperature (T) are constant, the ideal gas law ($PV = nRT$) simplifies to $PV = constant$. This is because $nR$ and $T$ would combine into a single constant. This simplified form directly reflects Boyle's Law, which states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the ideal gas law can be used to determine the molar mass of an unknown gas.

By rearranging the ideal gas law ($PV=nRT$) to solve forn ($n = \frac{PV}{RT}$), and knowing that $n = \frac{mass}{molar mass}$, we can equate the two expressions: $\frac{mass}{molar mass} = \frac{PV}{RT}$. Solving for molar mass gives $molar mass = \frac{mass * RT}{PV}$. By measuring the pressure, volume, temperature, and mass of the gas, we can calculate its molar mass. Signup and view all the answers

A rigid container holds a gas at a certain pressure and temperature. If the temperature is doubled, what happens to the pressure inside the container, assuming the number of moles of gas remains constant?

According to the ideal gas law, if the volume and number of moles are constant, pressure is directly proportional to temperature ($P = nRT/V$). Therefore, if the temperature doubles, the pressure will also double. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how an understanding of the ideal gas law can help predict the behavior of gases in real-world scenarios, such as inflating a tire on a hot day.

The ideal gas law ($PV = nRT$) relates pressure, volume, temperature, and the amount of gas. On a hot day, the temperature ($T$) increases. If the volume ($V$) of the tire remains relatively constant and the amount of gas ($n$) inside doesn't change, the pressure ($P$) inside the tire will increase, as $P$ is directly proportional to $T$. This helps predict why tires can become overinflated and potentially burst on hot days. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Charles's Law

Volume of gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature at constant pressure.

Boyle's Law

Pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.

Gas Laws

Relate temperature, pressure, volume, and amount of gas; include Boyle's, Charles's, Gay-Lussac's, and Avogadro's Laws.