60 Questions
What is the primary function of oxygen in the metabolic processes of cells?
To support cellular energy production
In the capillary beds, what happens to oxygen?
It is released into the tissues
What is the primary route of CO2 transport from the tissues to the lungs?
Mostly via plasma and partly via RBC
In the process of gas exchange, what happens to CO2 when it reaches the lungs?
It is released into the atmosphere
What is the role of haemoglobin in gas exchange?
To take up oxygen from the inhaled air
Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the tissues via the plasma in the capillaries.
False
Carbon dioxide is released from the tissues directly into the plasma in the capillaries.
True
The primary mechanism of CO2 transport from the tissues to the lungs involves red blood cells.
False
In the process of gas exchange, oxygen is released from the plasma in the capillaries to the tissues.
True
Carbon dioxide is produced by cells as a result of their metabolic processes.
True
Leucocytes are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.
False
All leucocytes have granules in their cytoplasm.
False
Leucocytes travel to the area of damage through the bloodstream.
True
Leucocytes are produced by the damaged tissue itself.
False
Leucocytes are responsible for healing the body.
True
What is the primary function of leucocytes in the body?
To protect the body against infection and disease, and help with healing
What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?
Granulocytes have granules in their cytoplasm, while agranulocytes do not
What signal triggers leucocytes to travel to the area of damage?
Chemical signals released by the damaged tissue
How do leucocytes travel to the area of damage?
They squeeze out of the thin-walled capillaries
What happens to leucocytes when they reach the area of damage?
They help to heal the damaged tissue
Leucocytes are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.
False
All leucocytes travel to the area of damage through the bloodstream.
True
Granulocytes are WBC that lack granules in the cytoplasm.
False
Leucocytes are produced by the bloodstream.
False
Leucocytes are triggered to travel to the area of damage by physical signals.
False
Match the type of leucocytes with their characteristic:
Granulocytes = Have granules in the cytoplasm Agranulocytes = Lack granules in the cytoplasm Leucocytes = Type of WBC that lack granules in the cytoplasm WBC = Have granules in the cytoplasm
Match the location with the action of leucocytes:
Thin-walled capillaries = Leucocytes squeeze out of Area of damage = Leucocytes travel to Bloodstream = Leucocytes are produced by Damaged tissue = Leucocytes are produced by
Match the function of leucocytes with the outcome:
Protecting the body against infection = Healing the body Protecting the body against disease = Healing the body Protecting the body against infection and disease = Healing the body Helping with healing = Protecting the body against infection
Match the source of signal with the response of leucocytes:
Damaged tissue = Leucocytes travel to the area of damage Chemical signals = Leucocytes travel to the area of damage Circulating leucocytes = Leucocytes travel to the area of damage Bloodstream = Leucocytes travel to the area of damage
Match the type of leucocytes with their origin:
Granulocytes = Produced by the bloodstream Agranulocytes = Produced by the damaged tissue Leucocytes = Produced by the bloodstream WBC = Produced by the damaged tissue
Match the type of granulocyte with its characteristic cytoplasmic granules:
Neutrophil = Paley pinky/purple granules Eosinophil = Red granules Basophil = Dark purple granules Monocyte = No granules
Match the type of granulocyte with its primary function:
Neutrophil = Inflammation/infection Eosinophil = Parasitism and allergies Basophil = Inflammation Lymphocyte = Cell-mediated immunity
Match the type of granulocyte with its characteristic granules shape:
Neutrophil = Same shape in all species Eosinophil = Different shapes in different species Basophil = No granules Monocyte = Large kidney-shaped nucleus
Match the type of granulocyte with its relative abundance:
Neutrophil = Most common granulocyte Eosinophil = Less common granulocyte Basophil = Least common granulocyte Lymphocyte = Most common agranulocyte
Match the type of granulocyte with its related condition:
Neutrophil = Pus formation Eosinophil = Allergic reactions Basophil = Inflammatory response Monocyte = Phagocytosis
What is the primary function of T and B lymphocytes?
To make antibodies and respond to immune stimuli
What happens to monocytes when they enter tissues?
They become macrophages
What do monocytes help lymphocytes with?
Telling them what antibodies to make
What is associated with chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
T and B
Lymphocytes are directly involved in chronic inflammation
False
There is only one type of B lymphocyte
False
Monocytes become lymphocytes when they enter tissues
False
T lymphocytes are responsible for making antibodies
False
Agranulocytes have granules in their cytoplasm
False
What is a characteristic of granules in the cytoplasm of WBCs?
They can be different colors
How can the size of WBCs be compared to RBCs for identification?
By comparing the size of the cell itself
What is a characteristic of a WBC that lacks granules in its cytoplasm?
It is a type of agranulocyte
What is the primary reason for comparing the size of WBCs to RBCs?
To identify the type of WBC
What is a characteristic of the nucleus of a WBC compared to the cell size?
The nucleus is always smaller than the cell
What is the meaning of the term thrombo?
Related to clotting
What is the function of thrombocytes?
To plug blood vessels when damaged
What is the term for the stopping of blood flow?
Haemostasis
What is the term for blood-related?
Haemo-
What is the function of haemostasis?
To stop bleeding
What is the primary goal of haemostasis?
To stop haemorrhage from damaged blood vessels
What is the role of clotting/coagulation factors in haemostasis?
To stabilise the platelet plug
What is the first step in the haemostasis process?
The formation of a platelet plug
What is the origin of clotting/coagulation factors in the blood?
The liver
What are the two main stages of haemostasis?
Primary haemostasis and secondary haemostasis
Learn about the process of gas exchange, where oxygen is taken up by hemoglobin and transported to tissues, and how carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product and released back into the lungs. Understand how oxygen is used in metabolic processes and how carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs.
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