science 7.5 to 7.7

Tiny cup-shaped structures in the lungs where gas exchange happens.

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide in the lungs.

Tiny blood vessels surrounding air sacs, enabling gas exchange.

The organs involved in taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Small tubes in the lungs that carry air to air sacs.

Large tubes in the lungs that carry air to the bronchioles.

Air passageway within the nose.

The tube connecting the nasal cavity and mouth to the lungs.

The rib cage, made of ribs, backbone, and sternum, protects the lungs from injury.

Muscles between ribs that help expand and contract the chest cavity for breathing.

A sheet of muscle below the lungs that contracts to draw air in and relaxes to push air out.

Breathing is the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs, while respiration is the chemical process of gas exchange.

When the diaphragm contracts and intercostal muscles pull ribs outwards, the chest cavity expands, drawing air into the lungs.

When the diaphragm relaxes and intercostal muscles relax, the chest cavity shrinks, pushing air out of the lungs.

The rib cage, intercostal muscles, and diaphragm work together to keep the fragile lungs safe.

The rib cage acts as a protective barrier for the lungs, preventing damage from external forces like bumps or falls.

Lung tissue contains air, which allows it to float and produce bubbles when squeezed in water.

Gas exchange happens in the air sacs of the lungs, where oxygen from inhaled air enters the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood enters the air.

Oxygen from the air sacs enters the blood in capillaries and is then carried by the blood to the body cells for respiration.

Respiration is the process where body cells use oxygen to release energy and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Carbon dioxide produced by the body cells is carried by the blood to the air sacs, where it passes into the air and is exhaled.

When we breathe in, air enters the air sacs, and oxygen from the inhaled air moves into the blood.

When we breathe out, carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the air sacs and is exhaled.

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels surrounding the air sacs, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air.

Global warming can lead to consequences like rising sea levels, melting polar ice, unusual weather patterns, and extinction of species.

Global warming melts ice in Polar regions, leading to habitat loss for animals like polar bears and rising sea levels.

Melting polar ice adds water to the oceans, causing sea levels to rise and flooding in low-lying areas.

Global warming can lead to more extreme weather events like typhoons, hurricanes, droughts, and floods.

Some living things cannot adapt to a warmer climate and die as their habitats change.

Methane is a greenhouse gas produced by animals like cattle and sheep. It contributes to global warming.

The increasing demand for meat leads to more livestock, which releases more methane, contributing to global warming.

The greenhouse effect is the process where gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing the planet to warm.

Long-term changes in global weather patterns, primarily caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, leading to rising temperatures and extreme weather events.

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. They contribute to global warming.

A gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, primarily caused by the greenhouse effect.

An international agreement signed in 2015 by over 200 countries to combat climate change by limiting global warming below 2 degrees Celsius.

Energy sources that can be replenished naturally over time, such as solar power, wind power, and hydropower.

Planting trees on land that was previously barren or without trees, helping to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Vehicles powered by electricity instead of fossil fuels, emitting zero tailpipe emissions and reducing carbon footprint.

The amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by an individual, organization, or activity.

The warming of Earth's surface due to certain gases in the atmosphere trapping heat.

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere contribute to a stronger greenhouse effect, leading to global warming.

The energy associated with the movement of molecules, which we experience as heat.

Some of the sun's energy absorbed by Earth is re-radiated back into the atmosphere as heat.

Greenhouse gases absorb some of the re-emitted thermal energy from Earth's surface.

Harmful substances in the air that can cause health problems and environmental damage. Examples include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, and suspended particulates.

Government subsidies are financial incentives offered to encourage people to buy electric cars. This lowers the purchase price and makes them more affordable.

Using public transport or cycling instead of driving for short journeys reduces the number of vehicles on the road, decreasing pollution and improving air quality.

A comprehensive strategy aimed at reducing air pollution in Hong Kong, focusing on reducing emissions, promoting cleaner transportation, and implementing environmental regulations.

A clean energy source that produces no emissions when used in vehicles, making it a potential alternative to fossil fuels in the fight against air pollution.

Good air quality is essential for human health and the environment. It affects our ability to breathe, impacts our overall well-being, and protects ecosystems.

Reducing air pollution is crucial for public health, as air pollution can cause respiratory problems, heart disease, and other health issues.

Governments play a vital role in improving air quality by setting regulations, promoting clean technologies, and implementing policies to reduce emissions.

Air pollution harms the environment by damaging ecosystems, contributing to acid rain, and impacting climate change.

Individuals can contribute to cleaner air by making conscious choices like choosing cleaner transportation, reducing energy consumption, and supporting green initiatives.

Investigate and examine whether something is feasible or practical.

An action or step taken to address a problem or achieve a goal.

A detailed outline of actions to be taken to achieve a specific objective.

The specific actions outlined in a plan to tackle a problem or achieve a goal.

A device that converts chemical energy stored in hydrogen gas into electricity without producing harmful emissions. It combines hydrogen with oxygen to generate power.

Reducing pollution in the air, leading to cleaner breathing and a healthier environment.

Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity without producing harmful emissions like carbon dioxide, contributing to cleaner air and reduced pollution.

Strategies to slow down or reverse the process of global warming, aimed at mitigating climate change.

Energy sources that are naturally replenished over time, such as solar, wind, and hydro power.

By using renewable energy sources, using public transportation, reducing energy consumption, and adopting eco-friendly practices, we can minimize our impact on the climate.

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide in animals, just like plants.

Animals release carbon dioxide as a waste product of respiration, just like plants.

A chemical solution that changes color depending on the amount of carbon dioxide present. It helps us study gas exchange.

Small, white larvae that are used in experiments to study gas exchange.

An experiment that investigates the change in carbon dioxide content in a boiling tube with mealworms.

The difference in the amount of carbon dioxide before and after an experiment, which helps us understand gas exchange.

A glass tube used in experiments to hold liquids and observe changes.

A tool with two arms used to pick up small objects, like mealworms.

The anatomy of pig lungs, including the trachea, bronchi, and smaller air tubes.

The color of pig lungs is often pink due to the presence of blood vessels carrying oxygen.

Pig lungs have a spongy texture due to the presence of air sacs.

When air is pumped into pig lungs, they increase in volume as the air sacs expand.

The trachea branches into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller tubes leading to the air sacs.

Pig lung tissue floats in water and produces bubbles when squeezed due to the air trapped inside.

The process by which cells release energy from food using oxygen.

A type of paper that changes color when exposed to moisture. It is used to detect the presence of water vapor in the air.

Air that is breathed out of the lungs. It contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide and water vapor than inhaled air.

Air that is breathed into the lungs. It contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide and water vapor than exhaled air.

Exhaled air contains water vapor because the moisture in our lungs gets released when we breathe. This water vapor is a byproduct of cellular respiration and is also present in our breath due to the humidity of our airways.

The change in color of the cobalt chloride paper indicates the presence of moisture. The paper turns blue in the presence of water vapor, which means that exhaled air contains more moisture than inhaled air.

The main difference is the percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Inhaled air has more oxygen, while exhaled air has more carbon dioxide.

Our bodies use oxygen for respiration and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. This waste product is exhaled.

False. Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide than oxygen.

True. Nitrogen is present in both inhaled and exhaled air.

Tiny cup-shaped structures where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the inhaled air passes into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood passes into the air.

Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses across the thin walls of the air sacs and capillaries into the blood. Carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the air sacs and is exhaled.

Tar, a substance found in cigarette smoke, coats the air sacs in the lungs, reducing the efficiency of gas exchange.

Cigarette smoke contains tar and other chemicals that deposit on the surface of air sacs in the lungs, reducing the area available for gas exchange.

Tar is a substance in cigarette smoke that reduces the efficiency of gas exchange by covering the surface of the air sacs in the lungs.

Gas exchange is the process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide in the lungs.

Oxygen enters the lungs and travels through tiny blood vessels called capillaries to be delivered throughout the body.

Air sacs are tiny structures in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood takes place.

Tar in cigarette smoke settles on the surface of air sacs in the lungs, reducing the efficiency of gas exchange.

Tar accumulating on the air sacs in the lungs reduces the efficiency of gas exchange, making it harder for the body to get oxygen.

A respiratory disease where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged and become less elastic. This makes it difficult to breathe, as the lungs can't expand properly.

A respiratory disease where the airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed due to excess mucus buildup. This makes it hard to breathe, as air has trouble passing through.

Dark, sticky substance found in the lungs of smokers. It's composed of harmful chemicals from cigarette smoke.

Harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke damage the delicate walls of the air sacs in the lungs. This reduces the surface area for gas exchange, making it harder to get oxygen.

Smoking causes various problems that disrupt gas exchange in the lungs: Damage to air sacs, narrowing of airways, and reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.

Smoking damages the lungs and airways, leading to conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis, making it difficult to breathe.

Smokers have difficulty breathing because smoking damages the delicate tissues in their lungs, making it harder for them to get oxygen and breathe properly.