Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lungs in relation to the tissues?

  • To regulate body temperature
  • To send oxygen to the tissues (correct)
  • To send carbon dioxide to the tissues
  • To remove bicarbonate from the blood

    • What is the name of the molecule formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin?

  • Hemoglobin dioxide
  • Deoxyhemoglobin
  • Oxyhemoglobin (correct)
  • Carbaminohemoglobin

    • How does the majority of oxygen get delivered to the tissues?

  • Through dissolved oxygen in the blood
  • Through the plasma itself
  • Through binding to hemoglobin (correct)
  • Through the carbonic anhydrase enzyme

    • What is the name of the enzyme that helps convert carbon dioxide and water back into bicarbonate and protons in the lungs?

    <p>Carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bicarbonate in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs?

    <p>It reacts with protons to form carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule formed when carbon dioxide binds directly to hemoglobin?

    <p>Carbaminohemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbon dioxide primarily get transported from the tissues to the lungs?

    <p>Through protonated hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between bicarbonate and protons in the lungs?

    <p>The formation of carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hemoglobin?

    <p>To bind to oxygen and protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when hemoglobin binds to protons?

    <p>Hemoglobin binds to oxygen instead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the competition between oxygen and protons for hemoglobin?

    <p>The reaction goes either way depending on the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carbon dioxide and protons on hemoglobin?

    <p>It decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the effect where carbon dioxide and protons decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

    <p>Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the effect where oxygen increases the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide and protons?

    <p>Haldane effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cooperativity in hemoglobin?

    <p>Oxygen likes to bind where other oxygens have already bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the slope of the oxygen binding curve as the partial pressure of oxygen increases?

    <p>It initially increases then levels off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the oxygen binding curve level off?

    <p>When hemoglobin is fully saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that determines the direction of the reaction between hemoglobin and oxygen?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a high location in the body where oxygen is dissolved in blood?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between oxygen levels in the lungs and the thigh muscle?

    <p>Oxygen delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would you want to increase oxygen delivery to a tissue?

    <p>To prevent tissue aching and hurting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high CO2 and protons on hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

    <p>Decreases oxygen binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Bohr effect more relevant in the body?

    <p>Thigh muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Bohr effect on oxygen delivery?

    <p>Increased oxygen delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vertical distance between the green and blue lines representing?

    <p>Extra oxygen delivered due to the Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between high protons and pH?

    <p>High protons mean low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the Bohr effect on the oxygen dissociation curve?

    <p>Shifts the curve to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Bohr effect important in the body?

    <p>Helps to deliver oxygen to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the curve for carbon dioxide content in the blood as the amount of carbon dioxide increases?

    <p>Straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body has a low amount of CO2 in the blood?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of CO2 that was delivered from the thigh to the lungs?

    <p>The difference between the high and low amounts of CO2 in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high oxygen on the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide and protons?

    <p>It decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide and protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Haldane effect relevant in the body?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Haldane effect?

    <p>The increase in carbon dioxide delivery from the tissues to the lungs due to high oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Haldane effect on carbon dioxide delivery?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Haldane effect and the Bohr effect in the body?

    <p>To increase oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the curve for carbon dioxide content in the blood slope downward in the presence of high oxygen?

    <p>Because high oxygen decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood and the amount of carbon dioxide delivered from the tissues to the lungs?

    <p>They are directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

    • The lungs and tissues have a relationship where they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules.
    • The lungs send oxygen to the tissues, while the tissues send carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
    • There are two ways oxygen is transported in the blood: dissolved oxygen and oxygen bound to hemoglobin (HbO2 or oxyhemoglobin).
    • The majority of oxygen is transported as oxyhemoglobin.
    • Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs as dissolved carbon dioxide and bicarbonate (protonated hemoglobin).

    The Bohr Effect and Haldane Effect

    • The Bohr effect is the effect of carbon dioxide and protons on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
    • The Haldane effect is the effect of oxygen on the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide and protons.
    • Both effects are important for increasing oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide delivery between the lungs and tissues.

    Oxygen Delivery

    • Oxygen delivery is the amount of oxygen delivered from the lungs to the tissues.
    • The Bohr effect increases oxygen delivery by making it harder for oxygen to bind to hemoglobin in the presence of carbon dioxide and protons.
    • This allows for more oxygen to be delivered to the tissues.

    Carbon Dioxide Delivery

    • Carbon dioxide delivery is the amount of carbon dioxide delivered from the tissues to the lungs.
    • The Haldane effect increases carbon dioxide delivery by making it harder for carbon dioxide to bind to hemoglobin in the presence of oxygen.
    • This allows for more carbon dioxide to be delivered to the lungs.

    Competition for Hemoglobin

    • There is a competition between oxygen and carbon dioxide for binding to hemoglobin.
    • The Bohr effect and Haldane effect are two separate effects that occur due to this competition.
    • The Bohr effect is the effect of carbon dioxide and protons on oxygen binding, while the Haldane effect is the effect of oxygen on carbon dioxide and proton binding.

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    Description

    Learn how the lungs and tissues exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules through the bloodstream, and how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported.

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