Gas Exchange and Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors affects the compliance of lung tissue?

  • Thickening of the alveolar-capillary membrane
  • Increased airway resistance
  • Surfactant (correct)
  • Weak musculature

    • What condition can lead to atelectasis?

  • Fibrosis
  • Pneumonia (correct)
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma

    • Which of the following factors influences the process of diffusion in the lungs?

  • Perfusion
  • Activity level
  • Partial pressure
  • Change in surface area (correct)

    • What is the role of surfactant in gas exchange?

    <p>Prevents alveolar collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can increase airway resistance?

    <p>Edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through the body tissues called?

    <p>Perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase perfusion?

    <p>Activity level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain regulates respiration?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensory receptors in the muscles help increase ventilation?

    <p>Proprioceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect would a CNS injury (stroke) have on respirations?

    <p>Irregular respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypoxia ?

    <p>Restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for PaO2 in arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

    <p>80-100 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for PaCO2 in arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

    <p>35-45 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypoxia?

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for SpO2 in arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

    <p>95-100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to hypoxia?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to decreased O2 carrying capacity?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to decreased O2 concentration?

    <p>Airway obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of surfactant in gas exchange?

    <p>To decrease surface tension and prevent alveoli from collapsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to atelectasis?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can increase airway resistance?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to hypoxia?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensory receptors in the muscles help increase ventilation?

    <p>Proprioceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypoxia?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase perfusion?

    <p>Adequate blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain regulates respiration?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences the process of diffusion in the lungs?

    <p>Change in surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for PaO2 in arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

    <p>80-100 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences the process of diffusion in the lungs?

    <p>Airway obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through the body tissues called?

    <p>Perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for SpO2 in arterial blood gas (ABG) values?

    <p>95-100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to hypoxia?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypoxia?

    <p>Increased HR and RR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensory receptors in the muscles help increase ventilation?

    <p>Proprioceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to decreased O2 concentration?

    <p>Severe dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hyperventilation?

    <p>Lightheadedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gas exchange in the respiratory system is facilitated by the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weak muscles in the respiratory system can lead to less effective inhalation and exhalation, particularly in older adults.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The compliance of lung tissue refers to its ability to distend or expand.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conditions that decrease lung compliance include emphysema and fibrosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the diameter of an airway decreases, airway resistance increases and limits the amount of oxygen delivered to the alveoli.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Obstruction in the respiratory system can lead to wheezing, high-pitched sounds, and crackling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Atelectasis is the collapse of the alveoli and prevents normal gas exchange.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    COPD patients should be administered excessive oxygen to improve their breathing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Hypoventilation leads to decreased respirations and can result in respiratory acidosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pursed lip breathing helps to release CO2 from the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incentive spirometer is not recommended for COPD patients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Hyperventilation is characterized by increased rate and decreased depth of respirations, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Hypoxia is a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate tissue oxygenation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humidifier for supplemental oxygen requires an order and should not be held in an emergency.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Myocardial infarction is a medical emergency usually caused by a decrease in blood flow to the heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive oxygen administration in COPD patients can lead to pulmonary embloism .

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can lead to a pulmonary embolism if not treated immediately.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chest tubes should never be clamped.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple face mask is contraindicated for patients who retain CO2.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Permanent heart, brain, and vital organ damage occurs within 4-6 minutes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of cardiac output with their definitions:

    <p>Stroke volume = Affected by preload, afterload and contractility Preload = Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole Afterload = Resistance of left ventricles to pump blood to the body Contractility = Strength of the heart's muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements of the conduction system with their definitions:

    <p>P wave = Atria-depolarization QRS complex = Ventricular depolarization T wave = Ventricular repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their related concepts:

    <p>Cardiac output = Stroke volume X heart rate Stroke volume = Influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility P wave = Indicates atria-depolarization T wave = Indicates ventricular repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing interventions with their descriptions:

    <p>Pursed lip breathing = Technique where the patient breathes in and exhales slowly to release CO2 from the body Incentive spirometer = Device used for inhaling deep and slow 10 times every hour to prevent atelectasis and pneumonia Thoracentesis = Procedure for removal of fluid in pleural space Chest tubes = Device that should never have its tubing clamped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cardiopulmonary assessments with their descriptions:

    <p>Health history = Assessment of patient's past and present health status Physical assessment = Evaluation of patient's body systems Pulse oximetry monitoring = Measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood Auscultate lung sounds = Listening to the lungs with a stethoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors affecting cardiopulmonary functioning with their descriptions:

    <p>Nutrition = Role in maintaining overall health and energy levels Smoking = Harmful habit that can damage the lungs and heart Exercise = Activity that can strengthen the heart and improve lung function Stress = Can increase heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following oxygen delivery devices with their oxygen flow rates:

    <p>Nasal Cannula = 1-6L/min, 24-44% Simple face mask = 5-8L/min, 40-60% Venturi mask = 4-6L/min, 24-60% Partial/non-rebreather mask = 10-15L/min, 80-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nursing diagnoses with their descriptions:

    <p>Ineffective airway clearance = Inability to maintain a clear airway Impaired gas exchange = Decreased ability of respiratory system to oxygenate blood or remove carbon dioxide Decreased cardiac output = Inadequate blood pumped by the heart to meet metabolic demands of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Factors Affecting Lung Compliance

    • Lung tissue compliance is affected by emphysema and fibrosis
    • Compliance refers to the ability of lung tissue to distend or expand

    Conditions Leading to Atelectasis

    • Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli, preventing normal gas exchange
    • Conditions leading to atelectasis include emphysema and fibrosis

    Factors Influencing Diffusion in the Lungs

    • Factors influencing diffusion in the lungs include airway resistance and diameter
    • Decreased airway diameter increases airway resistance, limiting oxygen delivery to alveoli

    Role of Surfactant in Gas Exchange

    • Surfactant plays a crucial role in gas exchange by facilitating the movement of air into and out of the lungs

    Conditions Affecting Respirations

    • Conditions that can increase airway resistance include COPD, emphysema, and fibrosis
    • Conditions that can lead to respiratory acidosis include COPD, emphysema, and fibrosis
    • Conditions that can lead to respiratory alkalosis include hyperventilation
    • Conditions that can lead to hypoxia include atelectasis, COPD, emphysema, and fibrosis

    Regulation of Respiration

    • The part of the brain that regulates respiration is the medulla oblongata

    Sensory Receptors and Ventilation

    • Sensory receptors in the muscles that help increase ventilation include proprioceptors and baroreceptors

    Effects of CNS Injury on Respiration

    • A CNS injury (stroke) can affect respirations, leading to respiratory depression or arrest

    Symptoms of Hypoxia and Hyperventilation

    • Symptoms of hypoxia include inadequate tissue oxygenation
    • Symptoms of hyperventilation include increased rate and decreased depth of respirations, leading to respiratory alkalosis

    Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Values

    • Normal range for PaO2 in ABG values is 75-100 mmHg
    • Normal range for PaCO2 in ABG values is 35-45 mmHg
    • Normal range for SpO2 in ABG values is 95-100%

    Cardiopulmonary Functioning

    • The process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through the body tissues is called perfusion
    • Factors that can increase perfusion include increased cardiac output and decreased peripheral resistance

    Cardiac Output and Conduction System

    • Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
    • Components of cardiac output include heart rate, stroke volume, and contractility
    • The conduction system of the heart includes the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers

    Nursing Interventions and Diagnoses

    • Nursing interventions for cardiopulmonary patients include administering oxygen, managing airway, and promoting lung expansion
    • Nursing diagnoses for cardiopulmonary patients include ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange, and risk for respiratory failure

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on gas exchange and the factors that impact it. Learn about ventilation, the condition of the musculature, signs of difficulty breathing, and the compliance of lung tissue. Improve your understanding of how gas exchange occurs in the respiratory system.

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