Respiratory System and Lung Volumes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for Tidal Volume (VT or TV)?

$VT = 3L$

$VT = 1L$

$VT = 0.15L$

$VT = 0.5L$ (correct)

Which volume represents the maximal volume of air that can be moved above or below a normal tidal volume?

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (correct)

Residual Volume (RV)

Tidal Volume (VT)

What does the Residual Volume (RV) represent?

Maximal volume of air that can be moved above or below a normal tidal volume

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath during quiet breathing

Volume of air inhaled after a normal inspiration

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration (correct)

Which lung capacity is the sum of two or more lung volumes?

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

$FRC = RV + ERV$ Signup and view all the answers

Which volume represents the volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration?

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Vital Capacity (VC)?

$VC = VT + IRV + ERV$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the net diffusion rate of a gas across a fluid membrane according to Fick’s Law?

Proportional to the difference in partial pressure, proportional to the area of the membrane, and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

In O2 transport from lungs to tissues, what is the normal percentage of saturation of O2 in hemoglobin (Hb)?

98% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can affect diffusion according to pathology affecting diffusion?

Alveolar collapse (e.g., atelectasis) Signup and view all the answers

How does CO2 primarily travel from tissues to lungs?

In the form of bicarbonate ions in RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates ventilation according to the control of breathing?

Increase in arterial CO2 (and pH) or PaO2 < 60 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What do the stretch receptors in alveoli primarily sense?

Changes in lung volume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the tissue barrier in the diffusion of respiratory gases?

Surfactant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central chemoreceptors according to the control of breathing?

Respond to changes in the acidity of the brain’s extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What can alter breathing pattern according to 'Other Sensors'?

Temperature, meds, anesthesia, and disease Signup and view all the answers

What causes a rise in pleural pressure during expiration?

Relaxation of respiratory muscles Signup and view all the answers

What influences alveolar ventilation?

Lung and chest wall compliance Signup and view all the answers

What type of airflow does resistance in the bronchi and bronchioles allow?

Laminar airflow Signup and view all the answers

What reduces the total resistance to airflow in the respiratory system?

Large number of small airways in parallel Signup and view all the answers

Where does respiratory gas exchange occur?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What does pulmonary circulation deliver to the lungs?

Deoxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

What causes gases to move from high to low concentration in the alveoli?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion gradients Signup and view all the answers

What is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) in liters?

2.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) in liters?

4.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Vital Capacity (VC) in liters?

4.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Minute Ventilation at rest in liters per minute?

5-10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Total Lung Capacity (TLC) in liters?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) in liters?

3.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is Alveolar Ventilation (VA)?

Amount of fresh air available for gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System and Lung Volumes

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the maximal volume of air exhaled from resting expiratory level, which is 1 liter.
Residual Volume (RV) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation, at 1.5 liters, and it helps keep alveoli inflated between breaths.
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the maximal volume of air inspired from the resting end-expiration level, at 3.5 liters, and is the sum of Tidal Volume (TV) and Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV).
Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximal volume of air expelled from the lungs after maximal inspiration, at 4.5 liters, and is the sum of IRV, TV, and ERV.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration, at 2.5 liters, and is the sum of RV and ERV.
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the amount of air in the respiratory system after maximal inspiration, at 6 liters, and is the sum of RV, ERV, TV, and IRV.
Pulmonary ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs for gas exchange in the alveoli.
Minute Ventilation is the amount of ventilation per minute, with normal values of 5-10 L/min at rest, and a linear relationship between ventilation and increasing levels of activity.
Alveolar Ventilation (VA) is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange, with hyperventilation and hypoventilation leading to specific changes in gas levels.
Mechanics of Breathing, including ventilation and airflow through conducting airways, is influenced by pressure difference, airway resistance, and physical properties of the lungs.
At rest, after expiration ends and before inspiration begins, the elastic recoil of the lung and chest wall are balanced, and there is no air flow until inspiration begins.
During inspiration, the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles contract, causing pleural pressure to fall and air to flow into the lungs down the pressure gradient.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the respiratory system and lung volumes with this quiz. Explore concepts such as vital capacity, pulmonary ventilation, alveolar ventilation, and the mechanics of breathing. Gain a deeper understanding of the processes involved in air movement, gas exchange, and lung function.