30 Questions
What is the formula for Tidal Volume (VT or TV)?
VT = 0.5L
Which of the following is a static lung volume?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
What is the sum of two or more lung volumes known as?
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Which of the following lung volumes is determined by the balance between the lung's elastic properties and the properties of the muscles of the chest wall?
Residual Volume (RV)
Which lung volume represents the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath during quiet breathing?
Tidal Volume (VT or TV)
What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
Residual Volume (RV)
Which of the following represents the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
In the context of gas diffusion, which of the following is true?
The net diffusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane.
Which of the following can affect the diffusion of respiratory gases?
Alveolar consolidation (e.g., pneumonia)
In O2 transport from lungs to tissues, what is the normal percentage of saturation of Hb with O2?
98%
What is the primary function of central chemoreceptors in the control of breathing?
Respond to changes in CO2, hydrogen ion, and partial pressure of O2
What is the form in which CO2 primarily travels in RBCs during CO2 transport from tissues to lungs?
As bicarbonate ions
Which of the following is a factor that can alter breathing pattern?
Proprioceptors in joints and muscles
What is the term used for the plasma concentration of O2 in arterial blood?
Partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2)
Which of the following is part of the blood barrier in the diffusion of respiratory gases?
RBC membrane
What is the driving pressure for oxygen as it travels from alveoli to arterial blood?
100 mmHg
What happens at the end of expiration in the respiratory system?
Respiratory muscles relax, causing an abrupt increase in pleural pressure
What influences alveolar ventilation in the respiratory system?
Elastic recoil of lungs and chest wall, lung compliance, airway and mechanical resistance
What is responsible for turbulent airflow in the upper airway?
Airway resistance in the trachea
Where does respiratory gas exchange take place?
Alveoli
What does pulmonary circulation do in the respiratory system?
Delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart
What does bronchial circulation do in the respiratory system?
Delivers oxygenated blood supply to the bronchi and connective tissue of the lung, but does not participate in gas exchange
What affects alveolar ventilation by impacting the resistance of airflow during inhalation and exhalation?
Mechanical resistance
What is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration?
3 L
What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
1.5 L
What is the maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximal inspiration?
4.5 L
What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration?
2.5 L
What is the amount of ventilation per minute at rest?
5-10 L/min
What is the process in which air is moved in and out of the lungs?
Pulmonary ventilation
What is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange?
Alveolar ventilation
Study Notes
Respiratory System and Lung Volumes
- Reserve volumes refer to the maximal volume of air that can be moved above or below a normal tidal volume.
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration, approximately 3 L.
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the resting expiratory level, around 1 L.
- With exercise, both reserve volumes decrease as tidal volume increases.
- Residual Volume (RV) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, approximately 1.5 L.
- Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the maximal volume of air that can be inspired from the resting end-expiration level, approximately 3.5 L.
- Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximal inspiration, approximately 4.5 L.
- Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration, around 2.5 L.
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the amount of air in the respiratory system after a maximal inspiration, approximately 6 L.
- Pulmonary ventilation is the process in which air is moved in and out of the lungs.
- Minute Ventilation is the amount of ventilation per minute, with normal values at 5-10 L/min at rest.
- Alveolar Ventilation is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange, with hyperventilation and hypoventilation affecting carbon dioxide levels.
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system and lung volumes with this quiz. Explore concepts such as reserve volumes, vital capacity, total lung capacity, and various ventilation parameters. Master the essential terms and functions related to breathing and lung function.
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