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Questions and Answers
What is the formula for Tidal Volume (VT or TV)?
What is the formula for Tidal Volume (VT or TV)?
- VT = 0.5L + 0.15L
- VT = 0.15L
- VT = 0.5L - 0.15L
- VT = 0.5L (correct)
Which of the following is a static lung volume?
Which of the following is a static lung volume?
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
- Air in alveoli with each breath
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (correct)
- Air in (anatomical) Dead Space (VD)
What is the sum of two or more lung volumes known as?
What is the sum of two or more lung volumes known as?
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC) (correct)
- Vital Capacity (VC)
- Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
- Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Which of the following lung volumes is determined by the balance between the lung's elastic properties and the properties of the muscles of the chest wall?
Which of the following lung volumes is determined by the balance between the lung's elastic properties and the properties of the muscles of the chest wall?
Which lung volume represents the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath during quiet breathing?
Which lung volume represents the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath during quiet breathing?
What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
Which of the following represents the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation?
Which of the following represents the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation?
In the context of gas diffusion, which of the following is true?
In the context of gas diffusion, which of the following is true?
Which of the following can affect the diffusion of respiratory gases?
Which of the following can affect the diffusion of respiratory gases?
In O2 transport from lungs to tissues, what is the normal percentage of saturation of Hb with O2?
In O2 transport from lungs to tissues, what is the normal percentage of saturation of Hb with O2?
What is the primary function of central chemoreceptors in the control of breathing?
What is the primary function of central chemoreceptors in the control of breathing?
What is the form in which CO2 primarily travels in RBCs during CO2 transport from tissues to lungs?
What is the form in which CO2 primarily travels in RBCs during CO2 transport from tissues to lungs?
Which of the following is a factor that can alter breathing pattern?
Which of the following is a factor that can alter breathing pattern?
What is the term used for the plasma concentration of O2 in arterial blood?
What is the term used for the plasma concentration of O2 in arterial blood?
Which of the following is part of the blood barrier in the diffusion of respiratory gases?
Which of the following is part of the blood barrier in the diffusion of respiratory gases?
What is the driving pressure for oxygen as it travels from alveoli to arterial blood?
What is the driving pressure for oxygen as it travels from alveoli to arterial blood?
What happens at the end of expiration in the respiratory system?
What happens at the end of expiration in the respiratory system?
What influences alveolar ventilation in the respiratory system?
What influences alveolar ventilation in the respiratory system?
What is responsible for turbulent airflow in the upper airway?
What is responsible for turbulent airflow in the upper airway?
Where does respiratory gas exchange take place?
Where does respiratory gas exchange take place?
What does pulmonary circulation do in the respiratory system?
What does pulmonary circulation do in the respiratory system?
What does bronchial circulation do in the respiratory system?
What does bronchial circulation do in the respiratory system?
What affects alveolar ventilation by impacting the resistance of airflow during inhalation and exhalation?
What affects alveolar ventilation by impacting the resistance of airflow during inhalation and exhalation?
What is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration?
What is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration?
What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
What is the maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximal inspiration?
What is the maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximal inspiration?
What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration?
What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration?
What is the amount of ventilation per minute at rest?
What is the amount of ventilation per minute at rest?
What is the process in which air is moved in and out of the lungs?
What is the process in which air is moved in and out of the lungs?
What is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange?
What is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System and Lung Volumes
- Reserve volumes refer to the maximal volume of air that can be moved above or below a normal tidal volume.
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration, approximately 3 L.
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the resting expiratory level, around 1 L.
- With exercise, both reserve volumes decrease as tidal volume increases.
- Residual Volume (RV) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, approximately 1.5 L.
- Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the maximal volume of air that can be inspired from the resting end-expiration level, approximately 3.5 L.
- Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximal inspiration, approximately 4.5 L.
- Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration, around 2.5 L.
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the amount of air in the respiratory system after a maximal inspiration, approximately 6 L.
- Pulmonary ventilation is the process in which air is moved in and out of the lungs.
- Minute Ventilation is the amount of ventilation per minute, with normal values at 5-10 L/min at rest.
- Alveolar Ventilation is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange, with hyperventilation and hypoventilation affecting carbon dioxide levels.
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