The Respiratory System and Lung Volumes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Where does gas exchange take place?

Alveoli (correct)

Bronchial glands

Arterioles

Pulmonary arteries

What delivers oxygenated blood supply to bronchi and connective tissue of the lung?

Bronchial circulation (correct)

Pulmonary circulation

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary arteries

What responds to changes in CO2, hydrogen ion, and partial pressure of O2?

Peripheral chemoreceptors (correct)

Proprioceptors in joints/muscles

Stretch receptors in alveoli

Central chemoreceptors

What is the primary site for diffusion of gases during gas exchange?

Alveolar capillary membrane Signup and view all the answers

What happens when alveolar epithelium is broken down?

Capillary side can then break down Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of central chemoreceptors in the control of breathing?

Respond to acidity of brain's ECF Signup and view all the answers

Where does lung and heart auscultation occur?

At the level of bifurcation of the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleural cavities?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conducting zone in the tracheobronchial tree?

Anatomical dead space ventilation only Signup and view all the answers

Where is the trachea widest in the tracheobronchial tree?

At the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the larynx in the respiratory system?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which cells synthesize surfactant to reduce surface tension and prevent air sacs from collapsing in exhalation?

Type II pneumocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alveolar macrophages in the respiratory system?

Ingest and digest pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Epiglottis in the respiratory system?

Protect the airway during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the lamina propria in the respiratory system?

Maintain the shape of the airway Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the self-clearing mechanism between bronchi and larynx in the respiratory system?

Mucociliary transport/escalator Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the alveolar capillary unit (Acinus) in the respiratory system?

Site of gas exchange (respiration) Signup and view all the answers

What is alveolar capacity limited to?

500mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration?

Functional residual capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum air volume in the respiratory system after maximal inspiration?

Total lung capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of air transported per minute?

Minute ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperventilation lead to?

Excessive release of CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is ventilation directly proportional to?

Pressure difference Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the accessory muscles in the respiratory system?

To elevate ribs higher during extreme shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the breath in the respiratory system?

Diaphragm contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the internal intercostal muscles during expiration?

To pull ribs down for forceful exhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the passive recoil in the respiratory system?

To produce quicker/fuller exhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To contract and initiate the breath Signup and view all the answers

When are the accessory muscles needed in the respiratory system?

During extreme shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the accessory muscles during extreme shortness of breath (SOB)?

To elevate the ribs higher for increased lung expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for initiating the breath?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the internal intercostal muscles during expiration?

To pull the ribs down Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is associated with inspiration (breathing in) and requires the involvement of multiple muscles?

Thoracic movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of passive recoil during expiration?

To facilitate quicker and fuller exhalation Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the respiratory system is related to the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood?

Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System and Lung Volumes

Alveolar capacity is limited to 500mL, with 150mL remaining in anatomical dead space
Reserve volumes decrease and tidal volume increases during exercise
Static lung capacities include inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and total lung capacity
Pulmonary function tests, such as spirometry, measure the air movement in the lungs
Functional residual capacity is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration
Total lung capacity is the maximum air volume in the respiratory system after maximal inspiration
Minute ventilation is the amount of air transported per minute and increases with activity levels
Alveolar ventilation is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange
Hyperventilation leads to excessive release of CO2, while hypoventilation increases carbon dioxide levels
Ventilation is directly proportional to pressure difference and inversely proportional to airway resistance
The upper airway has less resistance compared to the lower airway
The mechanics of breathing are influenced by factors such as pressure, compliance, mechanical resistance, and diffusion gradient

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Description

Test your knowledge of the respiratory system and lung volumes with this quiz. Explore topics such as alveolar capacity, pulmonary function tests, lung capacities, ventilation, and the mechanics of breathing. Get ready to dive into the intricacies of respiratory physiology and pulmonary function.