35 Questions
Where does gas exchange take place?
Alveoli
What delivers oxygenated blood supply to bronchi and connective tissue of the lung?
Bronchial circulation
What responds to changes in CO2, hydrogen ion, and partial pressure of O2?
Peripheral chemoreceptors
What is the primary site for diffusion of gases during gas exchange?
Alveolar capillary membrane
What happens when alveolar epithelium is broken down?
Capillary side can then break down
What is the primary function of central chemoreceptors in the control of breathing?
Respond to acidity of brain's ECF
Where does lung and heart auscultation occur?
At the level of bifurcation of the trachea
What is the function of the pleural cavities?
All of the above
What is the function of the conducting zone in the tracheobronchial tree?
Anatomical dead space ventilation only
Where is the trachea widest in the tracheobronchial tree?
At the trachea
What is the function of the larynx in the respiratory system?
All of the above
Which cells synthesize surfactant to reduce surface tension and prevent air sacs from collapsing in exhalation?
Type II pneumocytes
What is the primary function of alveolar macrophages in the respiratory system?
Ingest and digest pathogens
What is the function of the Epiglottis in the respiratory system?
Protect the airway during swallowing
What is the primary purpose of the lamina propria in the respiratory system?
Maintain the shape of the airway
Which structure is responsible for the self-clearing mechanism between bronchi and larynx in the respiratory system?
Mucociliary transport/escalator
What is the main function of the alveolar capillary unit (Acinus) in the respiratory system?
Site of gas exchange (respiration)
What is alveolar capacity limited to?
500mL
What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration?
Functional residual capacity
What is the maximum air volume in the respiratory system after maximal inspiration?
Total lung capacity
What is the amount of air transported per minute?
Minute ventilation
What does hyperventilation lead to?
Excessive release of CO2
What is ventilation directly proportional to?
Pressure difference
What is the primary function of the accessory muscles in the respiratory system?
To elevate ribs higher during extreme shortness of breath
What initiates the breath in the respiratory system?
Diaphragm contraction
What is the main purpose of the internal intercostal muscles during expiration?
To pull ribs down for forceful exhalation
What is the role of the passive recoil in the respiratory system?
To produce quicker/fuller exhalation
What is the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
To contract and initiate the breath
When are the accessory muscles needed in the respiratory system?
During extreme shortness of breath
What is the primary function of the accessory muscles during extreme shortness of breath (SOB)?
To elevate the ribs higher for increased lung expansion
Which muscle is primarily responsible for initiating the breath?
Diaphragm
What is the main function of the internal intercostal muscles during expiration?
To pull the ribs down
Which movement is associated with inspiration (breathing in) and requires the involvement of multiple muscles?
Thoracic movement
What is the purpose of passive recoil during expiration?
To facilitate quicker and fuller exhalation
Which function of the respiratory system is related to the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood?
Gas exchange
Study Notes
Respiratory System and Lung Volumes
- Alveolar capacity is limited to 500mL, with 150mL remaining in anatomical dead space
- Reserve volumes decrease and tidal volume increases during exercise
- Static lung capacities include inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and total lung capacity
- Pulmonary function tests, such as spirometry, measure the air movement in the lungs
- Functional residual capacity is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of normal expiration
- Total lung capacity is the maximum air volume in the respiratory system after maximal inspiration
- Minute ventilation is the amount of air transported per minute and increases with activity levels
- Alveolar ventilation is the amount of fresh air available for gas exchange
- Hyperventilation leads to excessive release of CO2, while hypoventilation increases carbon dioxide levels
- Ventilation is directly proportional to pressure difference and inversely proportional to airway resistance
- The upper airway has less resistance compared to the lower airway
- The mechanics of breathing are influenced by factors such as pressure, compliance, mechanical resistance, and diffusion gradient
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system and lung volumes with this quiz. Explore topics such as alveolar capacity, pulmonary function tests, lung capacities, ventilation, and the mechanics of breathing. Get ready to dive into the intricacies of respiratory physiology and pulmonary function.
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