Gas Exchange and Dalton's Law Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Given the equation $C_x = AP_x$, and A = 58.6 µg/liter/mmHg, what does $C_x$ represent?

  • The diffusion coefficient of gas 'x'
  • The rate of gas exchange
  • The partial pressure of gas 'x'
  • The concentration of gas 'x' (correct)

    • According to Fick's Law of Diffusion, what does 'X' represent in the equation $J = K\frac{(P_1 - P_2)}{X}$?

  • The rate of gas exchange
  • The diffusion coefficient
  • The distance separating points 1 and 2 (correct)
  • The partial pressure gradient

    • Which of the following is NOT a factor that the Krogh coefficient (K) depends on?

  • The material across which gas diffuses
  • The temperature of the gas (correct)
  • The area of the material over which gas diffuses
  • The type of gas

    • If the diffusion coefficient (D) accounts for the type of gas and the material across which gas diffuses, what else can natural selection alter from the equation $J=DA\frac{(P_1-P_2)}{X}$?

    <p>The distance over which diffusion occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which of the following is NOT a strategy used by animals for breathing in water?

    <p>Having a very high demand of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unidirectional ventilation, as seen in fish, facilitates what specific type of gas exchange?

    <p>Countercurrent gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of countercurrent gas exchange in fish gills?

    <p>It maintains a consistently high gradient for diffusion across the gill (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of ram ventilation?

    <p>It is a passive process that depends on the animal's movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water considered a 'bad' medium for oxygen exchange compared to air?

    <p>It has a slower diffusion rate and lower oxygen content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is a fundamental consequence of not breathing?

    <p>Decrease of O2 and increase of CO2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dalton's Law, if the total pressure of a gas mixture is 1000 mmHg and the fractional concentration of oxygen is 0.21, what is the partial pressure of oxygen?

    <p>210 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 mmHg and the fractional concentration of oxygen in the air is 0.21, what is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

    <p>160 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Henry's Law, if the absorption coefficient of oxygen in water is 0.0094 and the partial pressure of oxygen in the water is 150 mmHg, what is the concentration of oxygen in the water?

    <p>1.41 µg/liter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the absorption coefficients, which of the following gases will have the highest concentration in water if their partial pressures are equal?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide (CO2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the total atmospheric pressure at a location is 600 mmHg, and the fractional concentration of a gas in the atmosphere is 0.15, what is the partial pressure of that gas?

    <p>90 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Lake Huron, if the atmospheric pressure is 750.2 mmHg, and the fractional concentration of oxygen (FO2) is approximately 0.21, what is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

    <p>157.5 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the atmospheric pressure at Lake Titicaca is 550 mmHg, and assuming the fractional concentration of CO2 in the air is 0.0004, what is the partial pressure of CO2?

    <p>0.22 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Henry's Law, if a gas with an absorption coefficient of 0.05 is at a partial pressure of 20 mmHg, what would be its concentration in the solution?

    <p>1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a change in altitude affect the partial pressure of oxygen in the air?

    <p>Partial pressure of oxygen decreases due to a decrease in total atmospheric pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will increase the rate of gas diffusion?

    <p>Increasing the partial pressure gradient of the gas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Air vs. Water

    • Reading assignments include pages 602-607, 108-109 (Fick's equation), and 621-628
    • Review materials are located on pages 654-677
    • Lecture 4, January 13th, is focused on gas exchange

    Gas Exchange

    • Review of concepts learned in 2601
    • Discussion of the specific gases involved
    • Definition of breathing
    • Types of animal respiration

    Dalton's Law

    • In a mixture of non-reactive gases, the total pressure equals the sum of the partial pressures of each gas
    • Oxygen makes up 20.95% of the air, with a partial pressure of 0.2095atm
    • Nitrogen accounts for 78.08% of the air, with a partial pressure of 0.7808 atm
    • Argon's percentage is 0.93% and has a partial pressure of 0.0093 atm
    • Carbon dioxide is 0.04% and has a partial pressure of 0.0004 atm
    • The sum of all partial pressures equals 1 atm

    Dalton's Law (equation)

    • Partial pressure (Px) = Fractional concentration (Fx) x Total pressure (Ptot)

    O2 in Air

    • Oxygen diffusion is consistent but diffusion rate depends on partial pressure.
    • Dalton's Law states that Total pressure= p(N2) + p(O2) + p(CO2)...
    • Atmospheric pressure varies with altitude
    • Atmospheric pressure at sea level = 760 mm Hg
    • Atmospheric pressure at Everest approximately = 250 mm Hg

    Breathing Water

    • Henry's Law (sort of): Concentration of gas = Absorption coefficient x Partial pressure of the gas
    • Absorption coefficient is the concentration of a gas at 1 atm partial pressure
    • The concentration of a gas in a solution is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution.

    Solubility of Gases in Water

    • Different gases have different solubilities in water
      • Oxygen (O2) ≈ 0.0094
      • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ≈ 0.1782
      • Argon (Ar) ≈ 0.009
      • Nitrogen (N2) ≈ 0.0038

    Factors Affecting Gas Solubility

    • The concentration of Oxygen varies with temperature
      • In air, at 0°C: 210 mL O₂ (at STP)/L
      • In sea water, at 12°C: 8 mL O₂ (at STP)/L

    Breathing in Specific Locations

    • Lake Huron: Atmospheric pressure is 750.2 mmHg
    • Lake Titicaca: Atmospheric pressure is 550 mmHg

    Fick Equation

    • J = gas exchange rate
    • K = Krogh coefficient
    • P1 & P2 = partial pressures representing the start point and end point
    • X = distance separating the two points

    Krogh coefficient

    • Depends on:
      • Type of gas: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide have different coefficients
      • Material through which the gas diffuses
      • Diffusion area

    Breathing Water

    • Why water is a poor medium for gas exchange.
    • Gas diffusion coefficients in water are much lower than in air.

    Strategies for Breathing in Water

    • Strategies for efficient breathing (e.g., cheat, minimize O2 use, minimize breathing effort)
    • Correlation between SMR (Standard Metabolic Rate) and body mass for diverse animal groups. This data demonstrates how changes in body mass correlate to a lessened requirement in O2.

    Unidirectional Ventilation in Fish

    • Water and blood flow in opposite directions in fish gills to maximize gas exchange efficiency

    Ram Ventilation

    • Some fish utilize ram ventilation, where water is forced over their gills by swimming with their mouths open.

    Squid Breathing

    • Squid use a mantle cavity and funnel to circulate water over their gills.

    Bivalves (Clams and Mussels)

    • Water is drawn in and expelled through two siphons by the muscular contraction of the foot to maintain respiration

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    Description

    Test your understanding of gas exchange, Dalton's Law, and the composition of air in this comprehensive quiz. Covering essential reading assignments and concepts from your lecture, you'll explore the principles of respiration and the behavior of gases. Perfect for reinforcing key topics learned in your course.

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