Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common type of hemiplegia?
What is the most common type of hemiplegia?
Which gait characteristic is typically seen in Type 3 Hemiplegia?
Which gait characteristic is typically seen in Type 3 Hemiplegia?
What orthotic management is recommended for True Equinus?
What orthotic management is recommended for True Equinus?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Crouch Gait?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Crouch Gait?
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In hemiplegia, what compensatory movement is often adopted to deal with impaired foot clearance?
In hemiplegia, what compensatory movement is often adopted to deal with impaired foot clearance?
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What is a common characteristic of Apparent Equinus during gait?
What is a common characteristic of Apparent Equinus during gait?
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Which treatment option is appropriate for managing Jump Gait?
Which treatment option is appropriate for managing Jump Gait?
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What complication can arise from Crouch Gait?
What complication can arise from Crouch Gait?
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What is a primary characteristic of Type 1 Hemiplegia in children with cerebral palsy?
What is a primary characteristic of Type 1 Hemiplegia in children with cerebral palsy?
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Which of the following factors is related to musculoskeletal impairments in gait for children with cerebral palsy?
Which of the following factors is related to musculoskeletal impairments in gait for children with cerebral palsy?
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What is a common issue seen in gait kinematics for children with 'drop foot'?
What is a common issue seen in gait kinematics for children with 'drop foot'?
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Which scale is primarily used to assess spasticity in children with cerebral palsy?
Which scale is primarily used to assess spasticity in children with cerebral palsy?
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What does the term 'persistent primitive reflexes' refer to in children with cerebral palsy?
What does the term 'persistent primitive reflexes' refer to in children with cerebral palsy?
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Which device is indicated for managing mild, dynamic equinus stance or swing due to weak dorsiflexors?
Which device is indicated for managing mild, dynamic equinus stance or swing due to weak dorsiflexors?
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Which condition is a contraindication for using a Posterior Leaf Spring Orthosis?
Which condition is a contraindication for using a Posterior Leaf Spring Orthosis?
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What is decreased selective control in children with cerebral palsy usually associated with?
What is decreased selective control in children with cerebral palsy usually associated with?
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What skeletal deformity is commonly observed in children with cerebral palsy?
What skeletal deformity is commonly observed in children with cerebral palsy?
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In terms of gait dysfunction, what does 'lever deficiency' imply?
In terms of gait dysfunction, what does 'lever deficiency' imply?
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Study Notes
Gait Dysfunction in Children with Cerebral Palsy
- Presentation highlights gait dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
- Expert: Benjamin M. Rogozinski, Assistant Professor, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Central Nervous System
- Delayed central nervous system (CNS) maturation is a factor.
- Decreased pre-synaptic inhibition leads to spasticity.
- Modified Ashworth Scale and Tardieu Scale assess spasticity.
- Diminished motor planning is observed.
- Reduced selective control (isolation/timing/overflow) in movement.
- Increased co-contraction of agonist/antagonist muscles is present.
- Persistent primitive reflexes are hardwired motor synergies.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Musculoskeletal System
- Impairments related to postural dysfunction in children with CP.
- Muscle deformity and weakness are common.
- Skeletal deformities, misalignment, and lever deficiencies affect gait.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Muscle Deformity
- Visual aids (microscopic images) illustrate muscle structure.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Endoskeleton
- X-rays show skeletal structures, such as angles in feet and legs.
- Foot angles are measured in degrees (33° and 29°).
CP Gait Dysfunction: Skeletal Deformity
- X-rays of the feet and lower limbs are presented.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Lever Deficiency
- Skeletal deformities, lever deficiency, and hip/femur problems affect gait.
- Neck-shaft angle and antetorsion are mentioned in relation to hip/femur problems.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Types and Classification
- Gait patterns associated with spastic hemiplegia and diplegia are detailed.
- Type 1 Hemiplegia: Drop foot, poor dorsiflexion control in swing phase.
- Type 2 Hemiplegia: Gastroc soleus spasticity, true equinus, impaired dorsiflexion, plantar flexion-knee extension couple.
- Type 3 Hemiplegia: Stiff knee gait, gastroc-soleus spasticity, impaired dorsiflexion in swing phase.
- Type 4 Hemiplegia: Proximal involvement, anterior pelvic tilt, hip flexion, stiff knee flexion. Includes detailed descriptions of each gait type.
- Common gait patterns in spastic diplegia include true equinus, jump knee, apparent equinus, and crouch gait.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Orthotic Management
- Orthotics (e.g., posterior leaf spring, AFOs) are mentioned specific to each identified gait type.
- Posterior Leaf Spring (PLSO) orthotics are detailed, including indications and contraindications.
- Various types of Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFOs) are discussed: hinged, solid, etc.
- Specific types mentioned include PLSO, SAFO, Hinged/AAFO, and FRAFO.
- Management approaches are adaptable depending on patient factors.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Gait Pattern Analysis
- Detailed descriptions of different types of gait patterns and causative factors are provided for each type.
- Analyses of gait cycles (such as knee flexion/extension, ankle plantar/dorsiflexion) and diagrams are used for illustrations.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Case Studies
- Case studies of various individuals with specific gait problems related to gait dysfunction, are presented.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Treatment Options
- Treatment options for crouch knee and other identified gait issues are highlighted.
CP Gait Dysfunction: Recurvatum Gait, Treatment Options
- Treatment options for recurvatum gait problems, are presented.
Additional Notes
- Relevant research (Rodda, etc.), dates, and numbers are included.
- Specific measurements (angles) are identified, such as 30° showing angular measurements.
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Description
This quiz explores the complexities of gait dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy, focusing on factors related to the central nervous system and musculoskeletal system. It provides insights into assessment tools like the Modified Ashworth Scale and Tardieu Scale, and discusses the implications of muscle deformities and postural dysfunctions. Engage with the material to enhance your understanding of these critical aspects.
