Podcast
Questions and Answers
Most movement occurs in the ______ plane.
Most movement occurs in the ______ plane.
sagittal
In the terminal stance phase, the COM moves forward to front of foot and leads to ______ rise.
In the terminal stance phase, the COM moves forward to front of foot and leads to ______ rise.
heel
The ______ phase begins when the left toe has left the ground.
The ______ phase begins when the left toe has left the ground.
stance
During the pre-swing phase, the purpose is to prepare for the ______ phase.
During the pre-swing phase, the purpose is to prepare for the ______ phase.
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Initial Contact is abbreviated as ______.
Initial Contact is abbreviated as ______.
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The loading phase transitions into ______ support phase.
The loading phase transitions into ______ support phase.
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The overall swing phase constitutes about ______% of the gait cycle.
The overall swing phase constitutes about ______% of the gait cycle.
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In the deceleration phase, the body is preparing to set the ______ down.
In the deceleration phase, the body is preparing to set the ______ down.
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Mid-stance takes up ______% of the gait cycle.
Mid-stance takes up ______% of the gait cycle.
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The purpose of the single-support phase is to allow the body's center of mass (COM) to travel over the ______ foot.
The purpose of the single-support phase is to allow the body's center of mass (COM) to travel over the ______ foot.
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The acceleration phase involves great hip ______ motion.
The acceleration phase involves great hip ______ motion.
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The opposite toe off is represented by the abbreviation ______.
The opposite toe off is represented by the abbreviation ______.
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During the mid-swing phase, the right foot is in the same anterior- posterior position as the ______ foot.
During the mid-swing phase, the right foot is in the same anterior- posterior position as the ______ foot.
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The loading phase is also known as the ______ phase.
The loading phase is also known as the ______ phase.
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The minimum foot clearance (MFC) is important for preventing ______ during walking.
The minimum foot clearance (MFC) is important for preventing ______ during walking.
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Step width refers to the lateral distance between the ______ of the feet.
Step width refers to the lateral distance between the ______ of the feet.
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Study Notes
Gait Analysis
- Gait involves a multi-layered story, with movement primarily in the sagittal plane (flexion and extension).
- Many body segments and planes are involved in gait.
- Understanding gait terminology is crucial for more in-depth gait analysis.
- The material presented serves as a foundational component for analyzing gait.
Gait Analysis - Introduction
- Studying gait involves observing repeated falls with intention.
- The swing and stance phases of gait account for 40% and 60% respectively of the gait cycle.
- Double and single support phases are also components of gait.
- Identifying events which define phases is a key aspect.
Gait Cycle - Phases (Right Foot)
- Loading response (10% of gait cycle):
- Initial contact (IC) - Stance phase begins, Right heel contacts ground.
- Opposite Toe Off (OTO) - Left toe leaves the ground.
- Mid-Stance (40% of gait cycle):
- Heel rise (HR) - Heel lifts off the ground.
- Opposite initial contact (OIC) - Left foot makes initial contact with ground.
- Terminal Stance (TST): -Toe off (TO) - Right toe leaves the ground.
- Pre-swing (PSW):
- Opposite initial contact (OIC) - Left foot makes initial contact with ground.
Loading Phase
- Purpose: Transitioning from a double support phase to single support.
- Mechanism: The front leg absorbs impact energy and transitions to support the entire body weight.
Mid-Stance Phase
- Purpose: Maintain stability and forward movement of the centre of mass (COM) over the supporting extremity.
- Mechanism: The COM travels over the supporting foot, ensuring efficient forward motion without disturbing balance.
Terminal-Stance Phase
- Purpose: Preparing for the transfer of weight from the supporting leg to the other.
- Mechanism: The COM moves beyond the forefoot, preparing the transition to the swing phase.
Pre-Swing Phase
- Purpose: The body prepares to undergo the swing phase of gait.
- Mechanism: Loading up the opposite leg, unloading the support limb and transferring the body weight.
Swing Phase
- Purpose: Moving the limb forward for progression and preparing to catch the fall.
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Mechanism:
- Dual pendulum motion for limb advance
- Swinging at the hip joint (flexion), then the knee joint (extension).
- Minimum foot clearance (MFC): Ensuring sufficient vertical space for the limb to travel.
Early Swing, Mid-Swing and Terminal Swing
- Early swing (ESW): Begins with toe-off (TO) and ends with foot adjacent (FA).
- Mid-swing (MSW): Right foot is in the same anterior/posterior position as the left foot. Peak anterior velocity of the leg.
- Terminal Swing (TSW): Begins with tibia vertical (TV) and ends with initial contact (IC). Preparing to support the body weight.
Temporal-Spatial Parameters (TSP)
- Step width: The distance between the feet.
- Stride length: The distance covered by one complete gait cycle of one leg.
- Cadence: Steps per minute.
- Gait speed: The rate of progression.
Wrapping Up
- Calculating gait speed, step length, and cadence are essential parts of the analysis.
- Determining normal, comfortable gait speed for adults is important.
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Description
This quiz provides an introduction to gait analysis, focusing on the key phases of the gait cycle and the terminology essential for understanding movement dynamics. Learn about the importance of swing and stance phases and how they contribute to gait function. Gain foundational knowledge necessary for in-depth gait evaluation.
