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Questions and Answers
What phase occurs immediately after the heel strike in the stance phase?
What phase occurs immediately after the heel strike in the stance phase?
Which phase of the stance phase begins when the contralateral foot leaves the ground?
Which phase of the stance phase begins when the contralateral foot leaves the ground?
What characterizes the pre-swing phase of the stance phase?
What characterizes the pre-swing phase of the stance phase?
During which phase does the body’s center of mass align directly over the foot?
During which phase does the body’s center of mass align directly over the foot?
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Which phase ends just prior to the heel strike of the same extremity?
Which phase ends just prior to the heel strike of the same extremity?
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What constitutes the largest proportion of total body weight in the context of gait analysis?
What constitutes the largest proportion of total body weight in the context of gait analysis?
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Which phase of the gait cycle is defined as the interval when any part of the foot is in contact with the ground?
Which phase of the gait cycle is defined as the interval when any part of the foot is in contact with the ground?
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What is the primary purpose of evaluating an individual's gait pattern in rehabilitation?
What is the primary purpose of evaluating an individual's gait pattern in rehabilitation?
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In normal adult walking speeds, how long does one complete gait cycle last?
In normal adult walking speeds, how long does one complete gait cycle last?
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What is a significant factor that can lead to pathological gait patterns?
What is a significant factor that can lead to pathological gait patterns?
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Study Notes
Gait Analysis
- Gait is the way humans walk, and each person has a unique gait pattern.
- Gait is influenced by the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.
- Abnormal gait can be a sign of injury or disease.
- Gait analysis is used to identify weaknesses and guide rehabilitation programs.
Gait Cycle
- The gait cycle describes the movement from initial heel contact to the next heel contact.
- One cycle is 1 second long and covers 1.4 meters at normal walking speeds.
- The cycle includes a stance phase and a swing phase.
Stance Phase
- Makes up 60% of the gait cycle.
- Occurs when the foot is in contact with the ground, supporting the body's weight.
- Divided into 5 sub-phases:
- Initial contact (Heel strike): The heel touches the ground, marking the beginning of the stance phase.
- Loading response (Flat foot): The entire foot is on the ground, absorbing impact forces.
- Mid stance: The body's center of mass moves over the foot, aligning over the forefoot.
- Terminal stance (Heel off): The heel rises off the ground, preparing for the swing phase.
- Pre-swing (Toe off): Only the toe is in contact with the ground, transferring weight to the other leg.
Swing Phase
- Makes up 40% of the gait cycle.
- Occurs when the foot is not in contact with the ground, moving forward for the next step.
- Divided into 3 sub-phases:
- Initial swing (Acceleration): The foot lifts off the ground and swings forward.
- Mid swing: The foot passes directly under the body, the tibia reaching a vertical position.
- Terminal swing (Deceleration): The knee extends in preparation for the next heel strike.
Intervals of the Gait Cycle
- The gait cycle is further divided into intervals:
- Double limb support: Occurs when both feet are in contact with the ground. This includes initial double stance (one foot in initial contact and loading response, the other in pre-swing) and terminal double stance (one foot in pre-swing, the other in initial contact and loading response).
- Single limb support: Occurs when only one foot is in contact with the ground. This covers the mid stance and terminal stance phases, and is equal to the swing phase of the other leg.
- Swing phase: Also equal to single limb support, as only one foot is off the ground during this phase.
Normal Gait Cycle
- The stance and swing phases are coordinated and balanced.
- The foot is aligned with the direction of motion.
- The arms swing naturally and opposite the leg swing.
- The center of gravity moves smoothly throughout the gait cycle.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of gait analysis, including the unique gait patterns of individuals, the influence of the musculoskeletal system, and the details of the gait cycle. Understand the phases of gait, especially the stance phase, to recognize potential abnormalities and guide rehabilitation processes.
