Dental hypnotics

Which receptor do barbiturates and benzodiazepines act on?

GABA receptor

What does the GABAa ionophore regulate?

Chloride ion conductance

Which subunits can make up the GABA ionophore complex?

GABA and benzodiazepine receptors

Where are the GABA and barbiturate receptors distributed throughout the CNS?

Differentially throughout the CNS Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is GABA derived from?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What blocks the chloride channel of GABA receptors?

Picrotoxin Signup and view all the answers

How is GABA's action terminated?

By uptake into presynaptic neuronal terminals and neighboring glial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which substance can interfere with GABA's action by blocking its binding?

Bicuculline Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bicuculline on GABA's action?

Reduces GABA's action Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter's action can be blocked by bicuculline?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ligand for the benzodiazepine receptor produces sedative-hypnotic effects?

Agonists for the benzodiazepine receptor triazolam and diazepam Signup and view all the answers

Which ligand blocks the actions of benzodiazepines but not other sedatives/hypnotics?

Antagonists for the benzodiazepine receptor flumazenil Signup and view all the answers

Which ligand is an endogenous peptide that blocks the benzodiazepine receptor?

Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) Signup and view all the answers

Which ligand, derived from serotonin (5-HT) breakdown, produces anxiety reaction, proconvulsant activity, and seizures?

Inverse agonist for the benzodiazepine receptor beta-carbolines Signup and view all the answers

How many types of ligands are there for the benzodiazepine receptors?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain is the most likely site for sedation and hypnotic action of benzodiazepines?

Brain stem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of benzodiazepines?

As both sedatives-hypnotics and medication for anxiety and epilepsy Signup and view all the answers

Why do benzodiazepines have diverse actions in the brain?

They control different brain functions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benzodiazepines at the GABA synapse?

They increase the duration of the IPSP caused by GABA release Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of benzodiazepines at the GABA synapse?

They enhance the action of GABA Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about benzodiazepines at the GABA synapse is true?

They have no activity in a GABA depleted system Signup and view all the answers

Which system does Benzodiazepines have minimal effects on in therapeutic doses?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known to produce severe depression when combined with Benzodiazepines?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs have lower dependence and abuse potential compared to Barbiturates?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive effect can Benzodiazepines produce?

Motor incoordination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of barbiturates at the GABA synapse?

They release and block reuptake of GABA Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of barbiturates on the duration of the chloride channel opening at the GABA synapse?

They increase the duration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of barbiturates at the GABA synapse?

They increase the duration of the IPSP caused by GABA release Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the metabolism of benzodiazepines?

Benzodiazepines have active metabolites that do not induce synthesis of liver microsomal enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects do benzodiazepines have on the liver?

Benzodiazepines have no effect on the synthesis of liver microsomal enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a general effect of Barbiturates?

Increased metabolism of other drugs Signup and view all the answers

What can happen when Barbiturates are used with other depressant agents?

Severe CNS depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the general and systemic effects of Barbiturates?

Barbiturates do not have any active metabolites. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of benzodiazepines over barbiturates?

Benzodiazepines have a better therapeutic index Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benzodiazepines in comparison with barbiturates?

They can produce seizures on withdrawal in epileptics Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of benzodiazepines over barbiturates in terms of withdrawal effects?

Benzodiazepines have reduced withdrawal effects Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insomnia is caused by a minor situational stress or jet lag?

Transient insomnia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insomnia may be due to job loss or a death in the family?

Short-term insomnia Signup and view all the answers

What type of insomnia has no immediate or obvious cause and requires psychiatric evaluation?

Long-term insomnia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insomnia is typically treated with a small dose of a rapidly eliminated hypnotic for 1-3 nights?

Insomnia caused by a minor situational stress or jet lag Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of treatment with a long-term hypnotic?

1 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of skipping the hypnotic drug for 1 or 2 nights during treatment?

To test if the patient can sleep without the drug Signup and view all the answers

Which benzodiazepine is recommended for use up to 42 days?

Triazolam Signup and view all the answers

Which benzodiazepine has been banned in the UK since 1991 due to high frequency of psychiatric side effects?

Triazolam Signup and view all the answers

Which benzodiazepine is more lipid soluble than Oxazepam?

Triazolam Signup and view all the answers

Which medication has a longer half-life, Zolpidem or Eszopiclone?

Eszopiclone Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is structurally unrelated to benzodiazepines?

Zolpidem Signup and view all the answers

Which medication has no anxiolytic properties?

Neither durgs have anxiolytic properties Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is FDA approved for long-term use? more than 42 days

Eszopiclone Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters does Amitriptyline block the reuptake of?

Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is mentioned as an antidepressant that is for blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine and is a sedative?

Amitriptyline Signup and view all the answers

Dental hypnotics

Questions and Answers

Which receptor do barbiturates and benzodiazepines act on?

What does the GABAa ionophore regulate?

Which subunits can make up the GABA ionophore complex?

Where are the GABA and barbiturate receptors distributed throughout the CNS?

Which neurotransmitter is GABA derived from?

What blocks the chloride channel of GABA receptors?

How is GABA's action terminated?

Which substance can interfere with GABA's action by blocking its binding?

What is the effect of bicuculline on GABA's action?

Which neurotransmitter's action can be blocked by bicuculline?

Which type of ligand for the benzodiazepine receptor produces sedative-hypnotic effects?

Which ligand blocks the actions of benzodiazepines but not other sedatives/hypnotics?

Which ligand is an endogenous peptide that blocks the benzodiazepine receptor?

Which ligand, derived from serotonin (5-HT) breakdown, produces anxiety reaction, proconvulsant activity, and seizures?

How many types of ligands are there for the benzodiazepine receptors?

Which region of the brain is the most likely site for sedation and hypnotic action of benzodiazepines?

What is the primary use of benzodiazepines?

Why do benzodiazepines have diverse actions in the brain?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benzodiazepines at the GABA synapse?

What is the primary effect of benzodiazepines at the GABA synapse?

Which statement about benzodiazepines at the GABA synapse is true?

Which system does Benzodiazepines have minimal effects on in therapeutic doses?

Which drug is known to produce severe depression when combined with Benzodiazepines?

Which class of drugs have lower dependence and abuse potential compared to Barbiturates?

Which cognitive effect can Benzodiazepines produce?

Which of the following is a characteristic of barbiturates at the GABA synapse?

What is the effect of barbiturates on the duration of the chloride channel opening at the GABA synapse?

What is the primary effect of barbiturates at the GABA synapse?

Which of the following is true about the metabolism of benzodiazepines?

Which of the following effects do benzodiazepines have on the liver?

Which of the following is a general effect of Barbiturates?

What can happen when Barbiturates are used with other depressant agents?

Which of the following is true about the general and systemic effects of Barbiturates?

Which of the following is an advantage of benzodiazepines over barbiturates?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benzodiazepines in comparison with barbiturates?

What is an advantage of benzodiazepines over barbiturates in terms of withdrawal effects?

Which type of insomnia is caused by a minor situational stress or jet lag?

Which type of insomnia may be due to job loss or a death in the family?

What type of insomnia has no immediate or obvious cause and requires psychiatric evaluation?

Which type of insomnia is typically treated with a small dose of a rapidly eliminated hypnotic for 1-3 nights?

What is the recommended duration of treatment with a long-term hypnotic?

What is the purpose of skipping the hypnotic drug for 1 or 2 nights during treatment?

Which benzodiazepine is recommended for use up to 42 days?

Which benzodiazepine has been banned in the UK since 1991 due to high frequency of psychiatric side effects?

Which benzodiazepine is more lipid soluble than Oxazepam?

Which medication has a longer half-life, Zolpidem or Eszopiclone?

Which medication is structurally unrelated to benzodiazepines?

Which medication has no anxiolytic properties?

Which medication is FDA approved for long-term use? more than 42 days

Which neurotransmitters does Amitriptyline block the reuptake of?

Which of the following drugs is mentioned as an antidepressant that is for blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine and is a sedative?

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