G10 Science Semester 2 Exam Checklist

Study Notes

The semester exam will be 90 minutes long.
The exam will have 30 marks of multiple choice and 30 marks written response questions.
The exam will only cover content from semester 2.
Students need to bring a pen, pencil, ruler, and calculator to the exam.

The Big Bang Theory is the theory of the origin of the universe.
The universe is expanding, which can be shown through red-shift data.
The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is the oldest light in the universe.
Celestial objects can be classified into planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies, and the universe.
Gravitational field strength (g) varies and is different on other planets and the Moon compared to Earth.
Nuclear fusion is the process by which atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.
The Sun emits various types of radiation.
The Sun will eventually run out of fuel and become a red giant.
Nuclear reactions can result in the formation of new elements through alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.
Fusion processes can lead to the formation of new elements.
The life cycle of small and large stars involves different stages.
Graphs can be used to make claims and predictions about stars.
Light spectra diagrams and HR diagrams can be analyzed to understand stars.
Kepler's Laws describe the motion of celestial objects.
Gravity keeps objects in orbit, and the speed of orbit is linked to the distance from the Earth.

Monomers are small molecules that combine to form polymers.
The main macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Hydrolysis and condensation reactions are important in biomolecule formation.
Biomolecules can be tested for starch, glucose, protein, and lipids.
The Cell Theory consists of three main principles.
Cell structures include the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane.
Cell structures have specific functions.
Plant and animal cells have differences in structure and function.
A microscope is used to view cells, and the parts include the objective lenses and eyepiece.
Magnification can be calculated, and units can be converted between millimeters, micrometers, and nanometers.
DNA is an important molecule that determines the sequence of amino acids.
DNA nucleotides have a specific structure.
RNA molecules have a similar structure to DNA but with differences.
The base-pairing rule describes the pairing of DNA nucleotides.
The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids.
mRNA plays a role in transcription, and mRNA and tRNA play roles in translation.
A codon chart can be used to predict amino acid sequences.
The cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
The stages of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Uncontrolled cell division can have negative consequences.

Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells.
Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes.
Meiosis is different from mitosis in the number of cell divisions and resulting cells.
Key terms in genetics include dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype.
Punnett squares can be used to predict genetic probabilities.
Co-dominance, incomplete dominance, and sex-linked traits have specific characteristics.
Mutations can occur in genes and affect the amino acid sequence.
Frameshift mutations and chromosome mutations can also occur.
Family pedigrees can be used to interpret genetic information.

Graphs can be interpreted to extract information.
Physical quantities can be related using equations.
Units, prefixes, scientific notation, and conversions can be used and understood.

Podcast