G10 Science Semester 2 Exam Checklist

Exam Details

• The semester exam will be 90 minutes long.
• The exam will have 30 marks of multiple choice and 30 marks written response questions.
• The exam will only cover content from semester 2.
• Students need to bring a pen, pencil, ruler, and calculator to the exam.

Unit 4 - The Universe

• The Big Bang Theory is the theory of the origin of the universe.
• The universe is expanding, which can be shown through red-shift data.
• The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is the oldest light in the universe.
• Celestial objects can be classified into planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies, and the universe.
• Gravitational field strength (g) varies and is different on other planets and the Moon compared to Earth.
• Nuclear fusion is the process by which atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.
• The Sun emits various types of radiation.
• The Sun will eventually run out of fuel and become a red giant.
• Nuclear reactions can result in the formation of new elements through alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.
• Fusion processes can lead to the formation of new elements.
• The life cycle of small and large stars involves different stages.
• Graphs can be used to make claims and predictions about stars.
• Light spectra diagrams and HR diagrams can be analyzed to understand stars.
• Kepler's Laws describe the motion of celestial objects.
• Gravity keeps objects in orbit, and the speed of orbit is linked to the distance from the Earth.

Unit 5 - Recipe for Life

• Monomers are small molecules that combine to form polymers.
• The main macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
• Hydrolysis and condensation reactions are important in biomolecule formation.
• Biomolecules can be tested for starch, glucose, protein, and lipids.
• The Cell Theory consists of three main principles.
• Cell structures include the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane.
• Cell structures have specific functions.
• Plant and animal cells have differences in structure and function.
• A microscope is used to view cells, and the parts include the objective lenses and eyepiece.
• Magnification can be calculated, and units can be converted between millimeters, micrometers, and nanometers.
• DNA is an important molecule that determines the sequence of amino acids.
• DNA nucleotides have a specific structure.
• RNA molecules have a similar structure to DNA but with differences.
• The base-pairing rule describes the pairing of DNA nucleotides.
• The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids.
• mRNA plays a role in transcription, and mRNA and tRNA play roles in translation.
• A codon chart can be used to predict amino acid sequences.
• The cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
• The stages of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
• Uncontrolled cell division can have negative consequences.

Unit 6 - Traits

• Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells.
• Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes.
• Meiosis is different from mitosis in the number of cell divisions and resulting cells.
• Key terms in genetics include dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype.
• Punnett squares can be used to predict genetic probabilities.
• Co-dominance, incomplete dominance, and sex-linked traits have specific characteristics.
• Mutations can occur in genes and affect the amino acid sequence.
• Frameshift mutations and chromosome mutations can also occur.
• Family pedigrees can be used to interpret genetic information.

Skills

• Graphs can be interpreted to extract information.
• Physical quantities can be related using equations.
• Units, prefixes, scientific notation, and conversions can be used and understood.