Diabetes 2

<p>Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha glucosidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thiazolidinediones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incretin hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (Glucophage) = Reduces production of glucose by the liver, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, increases insulin sensitivity Sulfonylureas = Oldest group of oral agents for T2DM, stimulate the release of the body’s own insulin Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors = Should not be used in patients with intestinal disorders such as IBD or Celiac disease Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors = Do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withhold the day of surgery = Precaution to prevent risk of Lactic Acidosis 48 hours before the test and do not begin until 48 hours after the test = Precaution for a diagnostic test requiring contrast media Hold if severe kidney compromise/dysfunction = Precaution for severe kidney condition Alone does not cause HYPOGLYCEMIA = Characteristic of Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biguanides = No risk of weight gain, may actually see some weight loss Sulfonylureas = Risk of HYPOGLYCEMIA Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors = Should not be used in patients with intestinal disorders such as IBD or Celiac disease Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors = Do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hmg-CoA reductase inhibitors = Inhibit the enzyme that controls the rate of cholesterol production in the body Bile acid sequestrants = Bind to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion Fibrates = Activate a receptor called PPAR-alpha, which lowers triglyceride levels and increases HDL cholesterol levels Nicotinic acid = Reduces the liver's production of VLDL, a precursor of LDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biguanides = Reduce production of glucose by the liver and increase insulin sensitivity Sulfonylureas = Stimulate the release of the body's own insulin Thiazolidinediones = Decrease insulin resistance by stimulating receptors on muscle, fat, and liver cells Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors = Delay digestion of carbohydrates during meals to prevent after meal spikes in blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hmg-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) = Do not have a hypoglycemic effect Sulfonylureas = Have a hypoglycemic effect Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors = Do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors = Promote renal excretion of excess glucose in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors = Works by delaying digestion of carbohydrates during meals to prevent after meal spikes in blood glucose Thiazolidinediones = Decreases insulin resistance by stimulating receptors on muscle, fat, and liver cells Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors = Inhibits renal SGLT2, blocks reabsorption of glucose in the kidney, and promotes renal excretion of excess glucose in the urine Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors = Minimizes the rate of inactivation of the incretin hormones (GLP1) to increase hormone levels and prolong their activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acarbose (Precose) = Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Rosiglitazone (Avandia) = Thiazolidinediones Canagliflozin (Invokana); Jardiance (Empagliflozin) = Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors Sitagliptin (Januvia) = Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors = GI side effects such as bloating, flatulence, diarrhea Thiazolidinediones = Hepatotoxic (requires LFT monitoring), Risk of Congestive Heart Failure Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors = Dehydration, hypotension, syncope, increased UTI/Vulvovaginal candidiasis/balanitis/Fournier’s gangrene Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors = Do not cause hypoglycemia alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors = Delays digestion of carbohydrates during meals Thiazolidinediones = Stimulates receptors on muscle, fat and liver cells to restore effectiveness of insulin Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors = Blocks reabsorption of glucose in the kidney Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors = Minimizes the rate of inactivation of the incretin hormones (GLP1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactic Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stimulate the release of the body's own insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (Glucophage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers