Fusarium Stalk Rot in Maize Quiz

<p>Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. Zeae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaline oblong or ovoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disease severity intensifies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low temperatures and high humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whitish-pink to salmon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oospores in soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorotic specks and streaks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent wilting of leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Host-plant resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 10 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CM 202 (B), CM 104 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the night (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic manure amendment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underground sections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptomycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extensive chlorosis and stunted growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorotic streaks on the leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleaching powder application (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sclerophthora macrospora (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stunted and bushy appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pale straw color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erwinia chrysanthemi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pectinases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High temperatures and high humidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through stomata or wounded areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rod-shaped with peritrichous flagella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About nine months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry and sandy soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using resistant varieties and hybrids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower leaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physoderma zeae maydis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High temperature and abundant moisture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual reproduction through spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oval-shaped yellow or light green lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent seed rot and fungal infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By air currents, insects, and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using fine infection hyphae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain hours based on a diurnal cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 to 20 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using higher fertilizer concentrations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Captan 50 WP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GE 440 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diel cycle of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disease affecting maize plants, causing damage to the stalk and reducing both grain and fodder yields. It's caused by various fungi like Fusarium spp., Macrophomina sp. and Cephalosporium sp., and bacteria like Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. Zeae.

Stalk rot is a serious disease that primarily affects maize plants. It weakens the stalk, making it prone to lodging, which is when the plant falls over.

Three significant fungal species - Fusarium spp., Macrophomina sp. and Cephalosporium sp. - are responsible for causing stalk rot in maize.

Fusarium spp. are known to cause stalk rot symptoms, particularly in dry and warm climates.

Fusarium spp. are known to cause stalk rot symptoms, particularly in dry and warm climates.

The disease often manifests when the maize plant enters the senescence phase, the stage when the plant starts to age and decline.

The pathogens, Fusarium spp., can be seed-borne, meaning they can be present within the maize seeds.

Fusarium spp. can survive as mycelium within soil debris, allowing them to infect maize plants directly through the roots.

A bacterial disease that affects corn stalks, causing them to rot and break, resulting in plant collapse.

A gram-negative bacterium responsible for causing bacterial stalk rot in corn.

The process by which the cell walls of plants are broken down by the enzymes produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi.

Enzymes that break down pectin, a component of plant cell walls, leading to maceration.

A preferred temperature range for the growth and activity of Erwinia chrysanthemi, which promotes the development of bacterial stalk rot.

A favorable condition for bacterial stalk rot that allows bacteria to thrive and spread the disease.

The ability of the bacteria to survive and reproduce in the absence of oxygen.

Plant tissues that are damaged or weakened, providing entry points for Erwinia chrysanthemi.

A maize disease characterized by chlorotic streaks on leaves, stunted growth, and white downy growth on the underside of leaves.

Shortening of internodes and bushy appearance, resulting in stunted growth. This is a prominent symptom of Downy Mildew.

Whitish fungal growth observed on the underside of maize leaves, a defining symptom of Downy Mildew.

Proliferation of axillary buds on the stalk of the tassel and cobs, resulting in a "crazy top" appearance, a characteristic symptom of Downy Mildew.

The fungal pathogen responsible for causing Downy Mildew in maize, it produces white downy growth on both sides of leaves.

A method of managing Downy Mildew in maize by using resistant varieties, offering long-term and sustainable control.

A management practice for Downy Mildew that involves using organic manure to enhance beneficial microorganisms in the soil, reducing disease incidence.

A management strategy for Downy Mildew that involves applying antibiotics like Streptomycin and Terramycin to control the disease.

A fungal disease that mostly affects maize leaves, causing brown spots and ultimately leaf death.

The fungus that causes Brown Leaf Spot. It produces spores that survive in plant debris or soil and infect new plants.

A type of asexual reproduction by fungi, involving the release of swimming spores.

Conditions that favor Brown Leaf Spot are high moisture and warm temperatures.

Thick-walled spores that survive in soil and plant debris, allowing the fungus to spread.

The process where the fungus releases zoospores from the resting sporangia, leading to infection.

How the disease spreads, including through wind, water, insects, or even humans.

Water is necessary for the zoospores to swim and infect the maize plant.

A type of fungal disease that primarily affects corn plants, causing lesions and damage to the leaves.

A type of specialized cell within infected corn leaves, packed with resting spores of the fungus.

A 24-hour cycle of alternating periods of light and darkness, influencing the infection process of Physoderma maydis.

The process of breaking down and removing plant debris from the field to reduce the spread of diseases.

Planting different crops in sequence to break the life cycle of specific pests or diseases.

The use of chemicals to control fungal diseases in plants.

Varieties of corn that have been bred to be resistant to specific diseases.

Tiny stalk-like structures that branch out from the main fungus and carry the sporangia (spore-containing sacs).

The asexual stage of the fungal life cycle, where the fungus produces spores for reproduction without involving sexual processes.

The sexual stage of the fungal life cycle, where the fungus produces spores through the fusion of male and female gametes.

The fungus's way of spreading the disease by releasing small, airborne spores. These spores are produced by the sporangia.

The fungus needs a specific environment to thrive, like low temperatures (21-33°C) and high humidity (90%), for optimal growth.

The fungus spreads through a cycle involving dormant spores in the soil, spreading through the air, and infecting maize plants.