Fungi Types: Yeast and Molds
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Questions and Answers

Which mode of transmission involves skin trauma or mucous membrane exposure?

  • Ingestion
  • Absorption
  • Inhalation
  • Inoculation (correct)

What is the first step in the fungal culture process?

  • Direct examination of specimen
  • Evaluation of fungal growth
  • Specimen collection and transportation (correct)
  • Selection and inoculation of media

Which of the following is NOT part of the fungal culture process?

  • Evaluation of fungal growth
  • Serological testing
  • Virus isolation (correct)
  • Antifungal susceptibility testing

What characterizes the production of both sexual and asexual spores?

<p>Fungal transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process directly follows the collection and transportation of a specimen?

<p>Direct examination of specimen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate pretreatment method for respiratory specimens?

<p>Liquefaction with mucolytic agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pretreatment method is specifically used for nails?

<p>Cutting into pieces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for pretreatment of medical devices?

<p>Centrifugation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen requires mincing or grinding as a pretreatment step?

<p>Tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pretreatment process is used for body fluids?

<p>Filtration/centrifugation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hyphae has numerous cross-walls?

<p>Septate hyphae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fungal growth is typically smooth, creamy, pasty, or mucoid?

<p>Yeast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vegetative hyphae?

<p>Absorbing nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes coenocytic hyphae?

<p>Has few cross-walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment characteristics describe hyaline mycelium?

<p>Colorless without stain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual characteristic of dimorphic fungi?

<p>Exhibits two different forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a racquet hyphae resemble?

<p>A racquet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hyphae is responsible for holding the conidia?

<p>Aerial hyphae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site is NOT a recognized portal of entry for fungal infections?

<p>Muscle tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for keeping a specimen moist during transport?

<p>To ensure fungal organisms remain viable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after specimen collection?

<p>Transport the specimen to the lab right away (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is essential when collecting specimens from a site with normal flora?

<p>Sterile technique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best specimen type for identifying the etiologic agent of a fungal infection?

<p>A specimen from a site of active infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time allowed for transporting blood specimens at room temperature?

<p>≤24 hr (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following specimen types requires scraping for collection?

<p>Nails (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before inoculation?

<p>Centrifugation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For respiratory specimens, what is recommended if a patient cannot produce a sputum sample?

<p>Use a nebulizer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time allowed for skin specimen transport at room temperature?

<p>≤24 hr (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen collection requires the deepest scraping using KOH preparation?

<p>Nails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How soon should a urinary specimen be collected after the bladder is emptied?

<p>≤15 min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to skin before scraping for specimen collection?

<p>Disinfect with 70% alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimen collection is advised for prostatic fluid?

<p>Inoculation onto media after prostatic massage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specimen type should never be refrigerated?

<p>Blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way to collect external ear specimens?

<p>Rotate swab firmly in outer ear canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time allowed for transporting vitreous fluid?

<p>≤24 hr (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When collecting tissue biopsies, what is essential to keep them moist?

<p>Sterile saline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungi Overview

  • Fungi can be categorized into two main forms: yeasts and molds.
  • Yeasts have a smooth, creamy, pasty appearance and reproduce by budding, resulting in blastoconidia.
  • Molds exhibit filamentous growth due to mycelia formation.

Hyphae Types

  • Septate Hyphae: Contains numerous cross-walls, dividing hyphae into compartments.
  • Coenocytic (Aseptate) Hyphae: Features few or no cross-walls.

Pigmentation in Hyphae

  • Hyaline Hyphae: Non-pigmented, clear, and transparent; colorless unless stained, appearing blue upon staining.
  • Dematiaceous Hyphae: Pigmented with black or brown coloration.

Mycelium

  • Mycelium is a mass of branching, intertwined hyphae important for nutrient absorption.
  • Aerial hyphae are the filamentous structures that hold conidia, while vegetative mycelium absorbs nutrients from culture media.

Vegetative Hyphae Shapes

  • Antler Hyphae: Resemble antlers.
  • Nodular Hyphae: Knot-like formations.
  • Racquet Hyphae: Shaped like racquets.

Modes of Transmission

  • Fungi can reproduce via:
    • Asexual spores
    • Sexual and asexual spores
  • Transmission can occur through:
    • Inhalation
    • Inoculation via skin trauma or mucous membranes
    • Ingestion

Fungal Culture Process

  • Important steps include specimen collection, direct examination, media selection, evaluation of fungal growth, serological testing, and antifungal susceptibility testing.

Specimen Collection and Transport

  • Accurate specimen collection is critical for diagnosing fungal infections:
    • Common sites include skin, hair, nails, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract.
    • Sterile techniques are essential to avoid contamination.
    • Specimens should be kept moist and transported promptly.

Direct Examination Techniques

  • Direct examination can involve various collection methods, like scraping and using sterile tools for samples.
  • Hair samples should remain intact, while nails can be collected as scraping or cuttings for better yield.

Pre-treatment of Clinical Specimens

  • Pre-treatment methods vary based on specimen type, e.g.:
    • Blood undergoes lysis and centrifugation.
    • Body fluids are filtered and centrifuged.
    • Respiratory specimens may require liquefaction with mucolytic agents.

Specimen Handling Guidelines

  • Ensure proper labeling and immediate processing of specimens.
  • Specific handling protocols differ for various specimen types, emphasizing timely transport and temperature conditions.

Collected Specimen Types

  • Common specimen types include:
    • Blood and sterile fluids
    • Bone marrow
    • Catheter samples
    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
    • Skin, hair, nails, and respiratory specimens
    • Tissue biopsies and vaginal swabs.

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Description

Explore the two major forms of fungi: yeast and molds. Learn about their characteristics, including the presence of septate and non-septate cross walls. This quiz will test your understanding of their structural differences.

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