Fungi: Structure and Function Quiz
20 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the two main modes of reproduction in molds?

Molds reproduce sexually through zygospores and asexually through sporangiospores.

What characterizes the hyphae of fungi?

Hyphae are long branching cellular structures that can form an extensive mycelium network.

In what way do thermal dimorphic fungi differ in their growth conditions?

Thermal dimorphic fungi grow as molds at room temperature and as yeast at 37 degrees Celsius.

How does the presence of E. coli in urine samples indicate a UTI?

<p>E. coli is a common cause of UTIs, and significant bacteriuria is indicated by a count of 100,000/ml of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agar is used for throat cultures and why?

<p>Blood agar plates are used for throat cultures to assess hemolysis patterns in bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes opportunistic infections in fungi?

<p>Opportunistic infections occur when fungi exploit weakened immune systems in individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the GasPak System in culturing anaerobic pathogens?

<p>The GasPak System creates an oxygen-free environment necessary for the growth of anaerobic pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are conidiospores and in which fungi are they found?

<p>Conidiospores are asexual spores found in Ascomycetes, such as Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the importance of a clean catch urine sample.

<p>A clean catch urine sample minimizes contamination to ensure accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hemolysis occurs with A-hemolytic Streptococcus species and how is it identified?

<p>A-hemolytic Streptococcus species partially break down red blood cells, creating a greenish color on blood agar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a GasPak system in bacterial cultivation?

<p>The GasPak system creates an oxygen-free environment, allowing facultative pathogens to thrive by removing ambient oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define biological vectors and provide an example.

<p>Biological vectors are organisms that carry microbes within their bodies and transmit pathogens through bites; an example is a mosquito transmitting malaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the colorimetric detection method function in an ELISA test?

<p>Colorimetric detection relies on a color change reaction that occurs when the substrate interacts with the enzyme linked to the secondary antibody, indicating the presence of antibodies or antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of including negative and positive control groups in an ELISA test?

<p>Negative controls show no response, confirming the absence of antibodies, while positive controls indicate expected results by demonstrating the test's effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a reduction of tetrazolium dye to a purple color indicate in the Biolog System?

<p>The reduction of tetrazolium dye to purple indicates positive metabolic activity and electron transfer in the bacteria being tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of washing steps in the ELISA testing process.

<p>Washing steps are crucial for removing unbound reagents and preventing false positives by ensuring that only bound antibodies or antigens remain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogens are challenging to eradicate and why?

<p>Vector-borne pathogens are challenging to eradicate because control requires eliminating all associated microbes and vectors, which can be complex and resource-intensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a turbidimeter in microbiological experiments?

<p>A turbidimeter measures the light transmission through a sample to estimate the concentration of bacteria in suspension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the initial procedural step when using the Biolog System to identify bacteria.

<p>The initial step involves swabbing a small amount of bacteria from an agar plate and transferring it into a tube of inoculating fluid to create a suspension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of immunology, what are antigens?

<p>Antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response, leading to antibody production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungi: Structure and Function

  • Fungi are heterotrophs, meaning they require organic carbon for energy.
  • They are saprotrophs, decomposing dead organic matter.
  • They form symbiotic relationships with other species like algae or bacteria.
  • Fungi are a food source and contribute to food production for humans and other organisms.
  • Their cell walls are composed of chitin.
  • Fungi can be multicellular (molds) or unicellular (yeast).
  • They have hyphae, long branching cellular structures.
  • Hyphae may form a tangled mass called a mycelium.
  • Vegetative hyphae grow along the substrate.
  • Reproductive hyphae produce spores.
  • Thermal dimorphism: Fungi can exist as either mold (room temperature) or yeast (37°C).
  • Some fungi are opportunistic pathogens, infecting individuals with weakened immune systems.

Types of Fungi

Molds

  • Zygomycetes reproduce sexually by forming zygospores and asexually by producing sporangiospores (e.g., Rhizopus stolonifer).
  • Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming ascospores and asexually by producing conidiospores (e.g., Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger).

Mushrooms

  • Basidiomycetes reproduce sexually by forming basidiospores.
  • They do not have a well-defined asexual reproduction method.

Lab 11: Infectious Disease

Throat Cultures

  • Bacteria obtain iron from blood.
  • Blood agar plates are used (5% sheep's blood).
  • Alpha-hemolysis: Partial breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), greenish color.
  • Beta-hemolysis: Complete breakdown of RBCs, clear zones.
  • Gamma-hemolysis: No breakdown of RBCs, no color change.

Urine Cultures

  • Diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs), most commonly caused by E. coli.
  • Use Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Blood agar (BA) plates.
  • Urine is sterile in the body; becomes contaminated outside of the body.
  • "Clean catch" method is used to collect a mid-stream urine sample.
  • Significant bacteriuria is indicated by 100,000+ colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter of urine.
  • E. coli is a common cause of UTIs due to its presence in the intestines.
  • Samples should be immediately tested or refrigerated.

Anaerobic Pathogens

  • Obligate anaerobes require an anaerobic environment (lack of oxygen) to grow.
  • The GasPak system is used.
  • A jar contains oxygen-absorbing chemicals and a methylene blue strip that turns white when no oxygen is present.

Vectors

  • Vectors are disease-carrying organisms.
  • Vectors can transmit disease through food, water, respiratory droplets, or sexual contact.
  • Human vectors: Insects like flies, mosquitoes, ticks, and mites.
  • Mechanical vectors: Carry microbes physically on their bodies.
  • Biological vectors: Carry microbes within their bodies.

Lab 12: Immunology

ELISA Test

  • Detects antigens or antibodies.
  • Used in diagnostics (e.g., HIV, EBV).
  • Also used for pregnancy tests, drug screenings, and food allergy tests.
  • Colorimetric detection: A color change indicates a positive immune response.
  • Washing steps, positive and negative controls are essential for accurate results.
  • A secondary antibody, conjugated with an enzyme, produces a color change through a substrate reaction.

Biolog System

  • Identifies bacteria based on metabolic properties using a 96-well plate.
  • Determines bacteria's use of carbon sources (sugars, amino acids, etc.).
  • Tests sensitivity to antibiotics, salt, or acidic pH.
  • Shows positive results via purple tetrazolium dye reduction, indicating electron transfer.
  • Turbidimeter measures light transmittance through a sample to estimate the bacterial concentration.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore the fascinating world of fungi with this quiz that covers their structure, function, and types. From their role as decomposers to their interaction with other species, you'll learn about the unique characteristics that define fungi, including hyphal structures and reproduction methods. Test your knowledge on the importance of fungi in ecosystems and food production!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser