Fungi Types and Reproduction Quiz

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What is the main difference between yeasts and moulds?

Yeasts produce specialized spore structures, while moulds reproduce by budding

Yeasts reproduce by budding, while moulds reproduce using apical extension (correct)

Yeasts are multicellular, while moulds are unicellular

Yeasts always produce hyphae, while moulds never produce hyphae

Which staining method can be used to distinguish between mould and yeast infections?

Crystal violet staining

Gram staining

Acid-fast staining

Fluorescence staining (correct)

How do yeasts primarily reproduce?

By budding (correct)

By producing specialized spore structures

By apical extension

By forming true hyphae

What is a characteristic feature of moulds in terms of hyphal structure?

Mould hyphae are parallelsided and regularly septate Signup and view all the answers

How do yeasts form pseudohyphae?

Through multiple budding events Signup and view all the answers

What is the major virulence factor in Cryptococcus?

Capsule that prevents phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between moulds and yeasts?

Yeasts can be commensal but not moulds Signup and view all the answers

Which dermatophyte is the commonest cause of skin and nail infections?

Trichophyton rubrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the exact cause of Tinea capitis?

Trichophyton tonsurans Signup and view all the answers

How does Aspergillosis primarily cause disease?

Inhalation of spores Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location for Candida albicans in humans to be a commensal organism?

GI tract Signup and view all the answers

What factor predisposes individuals to candidiasis by taking away natural bacteria, allowing yeast overgrowth?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Regarding Candida albicans, which activity is NOT part of how it is primed to cause infection?

Production of hyaluronidase Signup and view all the answers

Which yeast infection is associated with the Central Nervous System (CNS) and leads to cryptococcal meningitis?

Cryptococcus neoformans Signup and view all the answers

Where is the liver located in the body?

Right hypochondrium Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes is the liver divided into and what is the name for each?

4 - Right, Left, Caudate, and Quadrate lobe Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the liver with blood?

Hepatic artery Signup and view all the answers

What does liver disease do?

Causes multiple problems by interfering with the liver's functions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an infectious cause of liver disease?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the average incubation period for hepatitis C?

2 weeks to 6 months Signup and view all the answers

How is hepatitis B prevented most effectively?

Vaccination with a 95% effective vaccine in 3 doses at 0, 1, and 6 months Signup and view all the answers

Why is general anaesthesia not recommended for people with liver disease?

Due to impairment of detoxification in the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with obstructive jaundice in surgery?

Bleeding due to vitamin K malabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What can be seen dentally in patients with liver disease due to Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?

Secondary Sjogren’s syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease involve?

Accumulation of fat within the liver cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is associated with gallstones?

High cholesterol level. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of alcohol-related liver disease?

Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What happens in chronic liver disease?

The liver is failing to cope with its functional demands. Signup and view all the answers

How is jaundice characterized?

Yellowing of the skin and sclerae due to bilirubin build-up. Signup and view all the answers