29 Questions
What is the main difference between yeasts and moulds?
Yeasts reproduce by budding, while moulds reproduce using apical extension
Which staining method can be used to distinguish between mould and yeast infections?
Fluorescence staining
How do yeasts primarily reproduce?
By budding
What is a characteristic feature of moulds in terms of hyphal structure?
Mould hyphae are parallelsided and regularly septate
How do yeasts form pseudohyphae?
Through multiple budding events
What is the major virulence factor in Cryptococcus?
Capsule that prevents phagocytosis
What is the main difference between moulds and yeasts?
Yeasts can be commensal but not moulds
Which dermatophyte is the commonest cause of skin and nail infections?
Trichophyton rubrum
What is the exact cause of Tinea capitis?
Trichophyton tonsurans
How does Aspergillosis primarily cause disease?
Inhalation of spores
What is the primary location for Candida albicans in humans to be a commensal organism?
GI tract
What factor predisposes individuals to candidiasis by taking away natural bacteria, allowing yeast overgrowth?
Antibiotics
Regarding Candida albicans, which activity is NOT part of how it is primed to cause infection?
Production of hyaluronidase
Which yeast infection is associated with the Central Nervous System (CNS) and leads to cryptococcal meningitis?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Where is the liver located in the body?
Right hypochondrium
How many lobes is the liver divided into and what is the name for each?
4 - Right, Left, Caudate, and Quadrate lobe
What supplies the liver with blood?
Hepatic artery
What does liver disease do?
Causes multiple problems by interfering with the liver's functions
Which of the following is NOT an infectious cause of liver disease?
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
What is the average incubation period for hepatitis C?
2 weeks to 6 months
How is hepatitis B prevented most effectively?
Vaccination with a 95% effective vaccine in 3 doses at 0, 1, and 6 months
Why is general anaesthesia not recommended for people with liver disease?
Due to impairment of detoxification in the liver
What is the main risk associated with obstructive jaundice in surgery?
Bleeding due to vitamin K malabsorption
What can be seen dentally in patients with liver disease due to Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?
Secondary Sjogren’s syndrome
What does non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease involve?
Accumulation of fat within the liver cells.
Which risk factor is associated with gallstones?
High cholesterol level.
What is a common complication of alcohol-related liver disease?
Cirrhosis
What happens in chronic liver disease?
The liver is failing to cope with its functional demands.
How is jaundice characterized?
Yellowing of the skin and sclerae due to bilirubin build-up.
Test your knowledge about different types of fungi and their reproduction methods, including yeasts and moulds. Learn about environmental, commensal, and pathogenic fungi, as well as the differences between yeasts and moulds in terms of cellular structure and reproduction. Explore how yeasts reproduce through budding and form pseudohyphae.
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