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Questions and Answers
What is the main component of the cell walls in fungi?
What is the main component of the cell walls in fungi?
Fungi can reproduce sexually at any stage of their life cycle.
Fungi can reproduce sexually at any stage of their life cycle.
False
What form do fungi mainly exist in?
What form do fungi mainly exist in?
Filamentous form called Hyphae
Fungi are primarily __________ through most of their life cycle.
Fungi are primarily __________ through most of their life cycle.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?
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Match the following terms related to fungal reproduction and characteristics:
Match the following terms related to fungal reproduction and characteristics:
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Fungi store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen.
Fungi store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen.
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What major role do fungi play in the environment?
What major role do fungi play in the environment?
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What are the structures that produce conidia at their tips?
What are the structures that produce conidia at their tips?
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Basidiomycetes primarily reproduce asexually.
Basidiomycetes primarily reproduce asexually.
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Name one example of a fungus from the Phylum Basidiomycota.
Name one example of a fungus from the Phylum Basidiomycota.
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The body of a lichen is called a ______.
The body of a lichen is called a ______.
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Match the following fungal groups with their characteristics:
Match the following fungal groups with their characteristics:
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What type of fungi are classified as Imperfect Fungi?
What type of fungi are classified as Imperfect Fungi?
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Lichens are highly tolerant of pollution.
Lichens are highly tolerant of pollution.
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What type of spores do Deuteromycetes primarily reproduce with?
What type of spores do Deuteromycetes primarily reproduce with?
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Which of the following processes involves the fusion of two gametangia?
Which of the following processes involves the fusion of two gametangia?
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All fungi reproduce only sexually.
All fungi reproduce only sexually.
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What is the main reproductive structure that forms haploid spores?
What is the main reproductive structure that forms haploid spores?
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The phylum that exclusively reproduces sexually is called ______.
The phylum that exclusively reproduces sexually is called ______.
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Match the following fungal phyla with their characteristics:
Match the following fungal phyla with their characteristics:
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What type of spores do Ascomycota fungi primarily produce?
What type of spores do Ascomycota fungi primarily produce?
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Haploid spores can combine to form dikaryotic zygotes.
Haploid spores can combine to form dikaryotic zygotes.
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Give an example of a fungal species from the Zygomycota phylum.
Give an example of a fungal species from the Zygomycota phylum.
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Study Notes
Fungi Overview
- Fungi are a distinct kingdom, often multicellular, but sometimes unicellular.
- Fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain their nutrients from other organisms.
- Their cell walls are made of chitin.
- Fungi primarily exist in a haploid state throughout most of their life cycle.
- A key characteristic is their mode of carbohydrate storage, which is in glycogen.
Fungal Organization
- Fungi primarily exist in a filamentous form, called hyphae —long strands of cells that can associate to form larger structures.
- Hyphae can be dikaryotic (containing two nuclei)
- Genetically different nuclei: heterokaryon
- Genetically similar nuclei: homokaryon
- Hyphae can also be monokaryotic (single nuclei) and cannot reproduce sexually.
- Fungi tend to organize into a mycelium, which are densely branched masses of hyphae.
- Fungi grow in size via cell division.
- Fungi digest organically through secretion of digestive enzymes into their environment and absorption of molecules back into their bodies.
- Fungi can be carnivorous or herbivorous.
Fungal Reproduction
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Structures:
- Gametangia: Specialized organs that form haploid gametes (in sexual reproduction) formed by extensions of hyphae that are compatible.
- Sporangia: Organs that form haploid spores (in sexual and asexual reproduction). Spore names may differ by the phylum.
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Processes:
- Plasmogamy: Fusion of cytoplasm in two gametangia.
- Karyogamy: Fusion of two haploid nuclei to form a diploid nucleus.
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Fungi practice both sexual and asexual reproduction depending on the species.
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Asexual via mitosis and germination.
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Sexual via fusion of compatible nuclei (environmental factors).
Key Phyla (and reproduction modes)
- Zygomycota
- Fast-growing
- Cells of the hyphae are haploid and fuse to form diploid nuclei, which then undergo meiosis to create haploid spores.
- Sexual and asexual reproduction mechanisms.
- Ascomycota
- Live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats; often edible fruiting bodies.
- Asexual reproduction through budding and via conidia formation (asexual non-motile spores).
- Sexual reproduction occurs through sac-like structure (asci).
- Basidiomycota
- Long-lived and dikaryotic (two nuclei in cells).
- Sexual reproduction occurs via sexual basidiospores in club-like structures (basidia).
- Fruiting bodies and basidiocarps are characteristic features.
- Asexual reproduction is uncommon.
Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
- Not a formal taxonomic group; classified based on a lack of observed sexual reproduction.
- A large group containing a wide variety of fungi.
- They reproduce asexually via conidia (asexual non-motile spores).
Lichens
- Symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic organisms. (usually blue-green algae).
- Fungi act as a photosynthetic partner, providing structural support and protection for algae.
- Lichens are categorized by their shapes (crustose, foliose, fruticose).
- They are often the first colonizers of new environments and sensitive to pollution.
Lichen-Fungi Relationship
- Fungi in lichens usually create a sac-like or club-like structure.
- Lichen body (thallus) varies by shape, color, and species.
- Reproductive structures vary in color (pink, red, green).
- Lichens show tolerance to harsh environments.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of fungi, a distinct kingdom of organisms that obtain nutrients through decomposition. Learn about their unique structures like hyphae and mycelium, and understand their life cycle and modes of reproduction. This quiz offers a comprehensive look at the biology and characteristics of fungi.
