Fungi Absorptive Heterotrophs Nutrition and Structure Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Why can't most animals breathe through their skin alone on land?

Animals have specialized respiratory organs inside their bodies

Most animals are not capable of gas exchange through their skin

Skin on land becomes dry and loses its ability to absorb oxygen

Larger size leads to a reduced surface area relative to volume for gas exchange (correct)

Why do leaves tend to be broad, flat, and thin?

To reduce the surface area available for gas exchange

To decrease the efficiency of photosynthesis

To avoid water loss through stomata

To increase light absorption for photosynthesis (correct)

How do terrestrial animals restrict water loss while still obtaining oxygen?

By tucking their respiratory organs inside their bodies (correct)

By reducing the volume of their body cavities

By increasing the surface area of their skin

By closing the stomata on their outer surface

What is the relationship between fungal mycorrhizae and plants?

Mycorrhizae help plants absorb water and minerals, while plants provide sugars to fungi Signup and view all the answers

Why do fungi play a crucial role in nutrient acquisition for plants?

Fungi have a high surface area to absorb water and minerals efficiently Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason animals cannot rely solely on their skin for gas exchange on land?

Insufficient surface area for gas exchange relative to body volume Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between ingestive heterotrophs and absorptive heterotrophs?

Ingestive heterotrophs secrete digestive enzymes outside the organism for absorption, while absorptive heterotrophs have a digestive tract for digestion. Signup and view all the answers

How do photoautotrophs differ from ingestive heterotrophs in terms of nutrient uptake?

Photoautotrophs acquire carbon dioxide and water for photosynthesis, while ingestive heterotrophs absorb digested food through plasma membranes. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the gas exchange in terrestrial organisms compared to unicellular and simple multicellular organisms?

Unicellular and simple multicellular organisms have high surface area to volume ratio, making gas exchange easier than in terrestrial organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the roots in photoautotrophs?

Roots selectively absorb nutrients and water, aiding in photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

How do absorptive heterotrophs acquire nutrients compared to photoautotrophs?

Absorptive heterotrophs ingest large food chunks into their digestive tracts, while photoautotrophs absorb dissolved minerals through their vascular tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Why do fungal organisms typically live in moist places?

To prevent desiccation caused by the tradeoff between food intake and water loss. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between poikilotherms and homeotherms in terms of temperature control?

Homeotherms depend on external environmental temperature to determine internal temperature, while poikilotherms can use internal metabolism for heat regulation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of animal relies on external environmental temperature for thermoregulation?

Ectotherms Signup and view all the answers

What are some structural adaptations used for thermoregulation by endotherms?

Insulation like blubber and fur Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is essential for growth and maintenance of life among the four mentioned?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between endotherms and ectotherms in acquiring nutrients?

Endotherms absorb nutrients directly through their skin, while ectotherms secrete enzymes for digestion outside the body. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes absorptive heterotrophs like prokaryotes and fungi in acquiring nutrients?

They first secrete enzymes on food items to digest them outside the organism. Signup and view all the answers

'Amylase' is an example of an enzyme used for which purpose in nutrient acquisition?

Breaking down carbohydrates into monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

'SA/V ratio' plays a crucial role in which process relevant to nutrient uptake?

Transport of nutrients across cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gas Exchange and Nutrient Uptake

Most animals cannot breathe through their skin alone on land because the skin is not adapted to facilitate gas exchange in a dry environment.
Leaves are broad, flat, and thin to maximize surface area for gas exchange and photosynthesis.

Terrestrial Animals and Water Loss

Terrestrial animals restrict water loss while obtaining oxygen through adaptations such as lungs, tracheae, or skin modified for gas exchange.
The primary reason animals cannot rely solely on their skin for gas exchange on land is due to the risk of water loss through transpiration.

Fungi and Plants

Fungal mycorrhizae form symbiotic relationships with plants, providing essential nutrients in exchange for carbohydrates.
Fungi play a crucial role in nutrient acquisition for plants by breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients.

Heterotrophs and Nutrient Uptake

Ingestive heterotrophs obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matter, whereas absorptive heterotrophs absorb nutrients from their environment.
Photoautotrophs differ from ingestive heterotrophs by producing their own nutrients through photosynthesis.
Absorptive heterotrophs acquire nutrients by absorbing them from their environment, whereas photoautotrophs produce their own nutrients.

Gas Exchange in Terrestrial Organisms

Terrestrial organisms have evolved gas exchange mechanisms adapted to their environment, such as lungs, tracheae, or skin modified for gas exchange.
Unicellular and simple multicellular organisms typically use diffusion for gas exchange.

Photoautotrophs and Roots

The primary role of roots in photoautotrophs is to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Fungi and Moist Environments

Fungal organisms typically live in moist places because they require a humid environment to thrive.

Thermoregulation

Poikilotherms rely on external environmental temperature for thermoregulation, whereas homeotherms regulate their internal body temperature.
Endotherms use structural adaptations such as insulation, blubber, or behavioral adaptations to thermoregulate.
Poikilotherms are ectotherms that rely on external environmental temperature for thermoregulation.

Macromolecules and Nutrient Acquisition

Proteins are essential macromolecules for growth and maintenance of life.
Amylase is an enzyme used to break down carbohydrates for nutrient acquisition.

SA/V Ratio and Nutrient Uptake

The SA/V ratio (surface area to volume ratio) plays a crucial role in nutrient uptake by determining the rate of diffusion and absorption.

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Description

Test your knowledge on how fungi uptake simple sugars, secrete enzymes for digestion, and absorb nutrients through their plasma membrane. Learn about the benefits of their filamentous structure in food absorption and gas exchange.

Fungi: Nutrition and Structure Quiz

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