Fundamentals of Nursing Ethics and Practice

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Questions and Answers

Which nursing pioneer is known for founding the modern nursing profession?

  • Florence Nightingale (correct)
  • Dorothea Lynde Dix
  • Lydia Hall
  • Lystra Eggert Gretter

What is a key ethical principle that emphasizes the need to avoid harm?

  • Nonmaleficence (correct)
  • Beneficence
  • Fidelity
  • Veracity

Which of the following is not considered a major ethical principle in nursing?

  • Justice
  • Narcissism (correct)
  • Altruism
  • Accountability

Which essential value in nursing relates to respecting moral and legal principles?

<p>Justice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with revolutionizing health care for the mentally ill?

<p>Dorothea Lynde Dix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of nursing diagnosis?

<p>Client's responses to health issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the nursing process involves monitoring client responses?

<p>Evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nursing diagnosis indicates a potential health issue?

<p>Risk nursing diagnosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of planning aims to prepare the client for discharge from the healthcare facility?

<p>Discharge planning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of the nursing process emphasizes the importance of understanding individual client needs?

<p>Client-centered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can indicate a potential failure in achieving expected outcomes during the evaluation phase?

<p>Goals and expected outcomes were unrealistic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of nurses during the admission process?

<p>Physically examining clients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect homeostasis in the human body?

<p>Personal preferences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a nurse?

<p>Provide physical care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a deviation from a normal health state?

<p>Illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension is NOT part of the wellness model?

<p>Cultural (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) founded by Mary Mahoney?

<p>To support black women in the nursing profession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a leading health indicator?

<p>Immunization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key characteristic of empathy?

<p>Understanding someone else’s feelings as if you experience them yourself (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT recognized in the concept of health?

<p>Financial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines wellness?

<p>A constant state of health and self-improvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of hygiene?

<p>To preserve health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of admission typically requires urgent medical attention?

<p>Emergency admission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Virginia Henderson's Need Theory includes which of the following components?

<p>Eat and drink adequately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chronic illnesses?

<p>They can significantly impact daily life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes tertiary care from primary care?

<p>Tertiary care involves specialized medical services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oxygen therapy device is designed to provide a fixed amount of oxygen during high demands?

<p>Fixed Venturi Mask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly depicts Maslow's hierarchy of needs relating to social connections?

<p>Belongingness and love needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical aspect differentiates acute illnesses from chronic illnesses?

<p>Acute illnesses are usually short-term (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Actual Nursing Diagnosis

A nursing diagnosis that identifies a health problem that a patient currently has.

Risk Nursing Diagnosis

A nursing diagnosis that identifies a health problem that may develop in the future based on the patient's current condition.

Possible Nursing Diagnosis

A nursing diagnosis that identifies a health problem that could be present but requires further assessment to confirm.

Wellness Nursing Diagnosis

A nursing diagnosis that identifies a patient's desire to improve their health or well-being.

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Collaborative Problem

A health problem that requires collaboration with other healthcare professionals.

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Assessment

The first step in the nursing process, where the nurse collects and organizes data about the patient's health.

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Evaluation

The final step in the nursing process, where the nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the nursing interventions and makes adjustments to the plan of care.

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Homeostasis

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body.

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Hygiene

The science and art of preserving health.

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Oximeter

A device used to measure the oxygen saturation in the blood.

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Routine Admission

A type of admission to a hospital where the patient is admitted for a planned procedure or treatment.

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Emergency Admission

A type of admission to a hospital where the patient is admitted for a sudden and serious medical condition.

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Babbble Humidifier

Used with low flow devices to provide oxygen, often with a pressure relief valve.

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Adjustable Venturi Valve

A device used to regulate the concentration of oxygen delivered to a patient, ranging from 26% to 50% O2.

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Oxygen Recovery Kit

A device used to provide oxygen during transport or recovery, ensuring a continuous supply.

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Fixed Venturi Mask

A mask that delivers a fixed concentration of oxygen, but may not meet high inspiratory demands above 40%.

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Wellness

A constant state of health that involves striving to improve oneself to maintain well-being.

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Illness (disease)

A condition characterized by a deviation from a normal health state.

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What is a nurse?

A nurse is a healthcare professional who has completed a program of basic, generalized nursing education.

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Empathy

A way of truly understanding and sharing someone else's feelings, as if experiencing them yourself.

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Sympathy

Acknowledging someone else's feelings, but not feeling them yourself.

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Nursing Theories

These are general concepts used to explain, predict, control, and understand common events in nursing.

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Clara Barton

A pioneering nurse who is known for her work as a battlefield nurse during the Civil War.

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Levels of Human Needs

This refers to a range of needs that humans have, starting from basic physical needs like food and water to higher-level needs like self-actualization.

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Who is Florence Nightingale?

The founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale revolutionized healthcare through her contributions to sanitation, infection control, and the establishment of organized nursing practices.

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What does it mean for a nurse to be altruistic?

A nurse who acts with altruism prioritize the well-being of others, demonstrating compassion, caring, and generosity in their actions.

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Explain the principle of beneficence in nursing.

The ethical principle of beneficence guides nurses to act in ways that promote benefit and minimize risks for their patients.

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Why is communication essential for nurses?

The ability to communicate effectively is crucial for nurses to provide quality care. This includes active listening, clear explanations, and providing emotional support to patients and families.

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What is Battery in a nursing context?

Battery is a type of tort that involves harmful or offensive physical contact without consent. It is an important legal concept in nursing, as nurses must always obtain informed consent for procedures.

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Study Notes

Types of Nursing Diagnoses

  • Actual nursing diagnoses: Possible nursing diagnoses, wellness nursing diagnoses, and collaborative problems
  • Risk nursing diagnoses

Steps of the Nursing Process

  • Assessment: Collect and organize data
  • Diagnosis: Analyze data, prioritize problems
  • Planning: Develop nursing orders
  • Implementation: Carry out nursing orders
  • Evaluation: Monitor client response

Types of Data

  • Subjective: Feelings, perceptions, concerns
  • Objective: Observable and measurable data

Medical and Nursing Diagnoses

  • Medical: Focuses on illness, disease, or injury; constant until patient is cured or dies
  • Nursing: Client's actual, potential, or health condition; issues change according to the client's response

Nurses' Responsibilities in Admission Process

  • Removing client's clothes
  • Physical examination
  • Assisting the client into bed
  • Orienting the client to the facility
  • Caring for the client's belongings

Evaluation

  • Initial assessment data were incomplete
  • Goals and expected outcomes were not realistic
  • Time frame was too optimistic

LAMA

  • Leave against medical advice
  • Client leaves facility without permission
  • Licensed nurse witnesses signatures

Definition of Nursing

  • A critical thinking process used by professional nurses to apply best available evidence in caregiving and promoting human functions and response to health and illness

Homeostasis

  • Regulating body temperature
  • Maintaining factors that affect homeostasis: genetics, physical condition, diet and nutrition, toxins, psychological health

Types and Stages of Admission

  • Routine admission, emergency admission
  • Types of illnesses: diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, road accident

Oxygen Therapy Devices

  • Bubble humidifier (features, common uses, low flow devices, pressure relief valve)
  • Adjustable venturi mask (features, oxygen concentration setting)
  • Oxygen recovery kit

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • Self-actualization needs
  • Esteem needs
  • Belonging and love needs
  • Safety needs
  • Physiological needs

Differentiating Care Levels

  • Primary care: consultation with primary care provider
  • Secondary care: specialist, such as an oncologist
  • Tertiary care: in a hospital setting (such as heart surgery)
  • Extended care: assistance with daily living activities

Henderson's Nursing Needs Theory

  • Breathe normally
  • Eat and drink adequately
  • Sleep and rest
  • Eliminate body wastes
  • Dress and undress
  • Maintain body temperature
  • Maintain cleanliness and
  • Prevent infection,
  • Promote comfortable
  • Communicate with others
  • Move and maintain posture
  • To sleep and rest
  • To play and enjoy activities
  • To learn and grow spiritually

Health Definition

  • Complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

Dimensions of Wellness

  • Physical, emotional, social, environmental, financial

Types of Illness (Diseases)

  • Infectious diseases
  • Non-infectious diseases

Concepts of Nursing Theory

  • Person
  • Environment
  • Health
  • Nursing

Clinical Nurse Career Ladder

  • Clinical support worker (CSW)
  • Clinical assistant practitioner (CAP)
  • Nursing associate (NA)
  • Advanced practitioner, clinical or nurse practitioner

Definition of a Nurse

  • A person who has completed a nursing program and has basic knowledge, education

Roles of a Nurse

  • Care provider, educator, manager, leader

Functions of a Nurse

  • Providing physical care, emotional support to sick, injured, and disabled people, helping in the education and medical students

Ethical Principles

  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Nonmaleficence
  • Veracity
  • Accountabililty
  • Justice
  • Fidelity

Pioneers in Nursing

  • Clara Barton, Mary Breckinridge, Dorothea Dix, Lystra Gretter, Lydia Hall, Florence Nightingale

Basic Values and Principles in Nursing

  • Justice, freedom, truth, respect, altruism, caring, compassion, honesty

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