Introductory Nursing PDF

# Types of Diagnosis: - Actual nursing diagnosis - Risk nursing diagnosis - Possible nursing diagnosis - Wellness nursing diagnosis - Collaborative problems # Identification and Planning: - Initial planning - Ongoing planning - Discharge planning - Implementation activities # Ongoing Assessment:...

# Types of Diagnosis: - Actual nursing diagnosis - Risk nursing diagnosis - Possible nursing diagnosis - Wellness nursing diagnosis - Collaborative problems # Identification and Planning: - Initial planning - Ongoing planning - Discharge planning - Implementation activities # Ongoing Assessment: - Establishment of priorities - Allocation of resources - Initiation of nursing interventions - Documentation of client's response and interventions # Steps of Nursing Process: - Assessment: Collect and organize data. - Diagnosis: Analyze data. - Planning: Prioritize problems. - Implementation: Carry out nursing orders. - Evaluation: Monitor client. # Types of Data **Subjective** - Feelings - Perception - Concerns **Objective** - Observable and measurable data. # Characteristis of Nursing Process: - Within the legal scope of nursing - Based on knowledge - Planned - Client-centered - Dynamic # Types of Data **Diagnosis:** **Medical Diagnosis** - Focuses on illness, disease, or injury. - Constant until patient is cured or dies. **Nursing Diagnosis** - Client's responses to actual or potential health issues. - Changes according to the client's response. # Nurses Responsibilities in Admission Process: - Removing the client's clothes. - Physical examination. - Assisting the client into bed. - Orienting the client to the facility. - Caring for the client's personal belongings. # Preventing Dehumanization: - Depriving a person of personality, spirit, privacy, and other human qualities. - This indicates to the client that the nurse sees him or her as an individual and as an important person. # Evaluation: **Reasons:** - Initial assessment data were incomplete. - Goals and expected outcomes were not realistic. - Time frame too optimistic. # LAMA: Leave Against Medical Advice - Occasionally, a client leaves the healthcare facility without permission - A licensed nurse witnesses the client's signature. # Critical Thinking Exercises: - Discharge, transfer, admission # Definition of Nursing: - A critical thinking process used by professional nurses to apply the best available evidence in caregiving and promoting human functions and response to health and illness. (American Nurse's Association) 2010 # Homeostasis: - Regulating body temperature. - Factors which effect homeostasis. 1. Genetics 2. Physical condition 3. Diet and nutrition 4. Venoms and toxins 5. Psychological health # Hygiene: Hygienic Definitions: - Hygiene is defined as "The science and art which is associated with the preservation of health." # Documentation: - Oximeter → Oxygen Saturation - Documentation → Prescriptions - Admission - Collection of billing information - Completion of the database by an initial nursing admission nurse. - Development of an initial nursing care plan. - Medical orders and treatments. # Types of Admission: - Routine admission - Emergency admission: - Diabetes, hypertension. - Car accident - Road accident - Heart attack # Babbble Humidifier: **Games:** Captain **Features:** - Commonly used with low flow devices. - Pressure relief value. # Adjustable Venturi Valve: **Features:** - Between 26% and 50% O2. - Twist and lock. # Oxygen Recovery Kit: **Features:** - Provide oxygen during transport and recovery. # Fixed Venturi Mask: **Caution:** - At above 40% O2, the total flow might not meet high inspiratory demands. ## Oxygen Therapy: - **Oxygen therapy must be prescribed.** # Human Needs: **Levels of Maslow`s Hierarchy of Needs:** - Self actualization - Esteem needs - Belongingness and love needs: Intimate relationships, friends. - Safety needs: Security, safety - Pysiological needs: Food, water, warmth, rest. # Differentiate Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Extended Care: - **Primary care**: When you consult with your primary care provider - **Secondary care**: When you see a specialist, such as an oncologist or endocrinologist. - **Tertiary care**: Refers to care in a hospital setting, such as dialysis or heart surgery. - **Extended care**: Can include everything from assistance with activities of daily living. # Components of Virginia Henderson's Need Theory: - Breathe normally - Eat and drink adequately - Sleep and rest - Eliminate body waste - Select suitable clothes. - Dress and undress # Virginia Avenel Henderson's Definition: - This nurse theorist, researcher, educator and author developed what's called the Nursing Need Theory. # Definition - Health: - **State of complete physical, mental, and Social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.** # Chronic Illnesses: - **Long term conditions that require ongoing medical care and can impact a person's daily life.** - Renal failure - Heart failure - Diabetes - Hypotension # Acute Illnesses: - **Short term illnesses common for chicken pox, or fever.** - **Terminal illness:** Cancer, dementia, etc. not recover. # Oxygen Delivery Systems: - Pictures (Not provided) # Component of Health: - Physical - Emotional - Social - Environmental - Spiritual # Ability To Make And Keep Friends: - Seek and lend support and cooperate. - Friends: Peers, adults, parents. - Support group, confidentiality: Discuss problems, trust. # Leading Health Indicators: - Mental health - Physical activity - Immunization - Environmental quality - Overweight # Definition - Wellness: - **Wellness is a constant stay of health which means the ability to keep on striving to improve ourselves to maintain our health states.** # Dimension of Wellness: - Social - Emotional - Physical - Environmental - Financial # Definition - Illness (Diseases): - **Illness is a condition characterized by a deviation from a normal health state.** # Types of Diseases: 1. Infectious Diseases 2. Non-Infectious Diseases: # The Level of Human Needs. # Concepts of Nursing Theory: - Person - Environment - Health - Nursing # Clinical Nurse Career Ladder: - New into health care - Clinical support worker (CSW) - Clinical support worker (CCSW) - Assistant practitioner (CAP) - Nursing associate (CNA) - Apprentice level nurse - Degree level - Advanced practitioner (Clinical) # Mary Mahoney: - 1st African - American nurse - 1890 - the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) - To promote nursing as a profession among black women in the United States and Canadas. # Definition Of A Nurse: - The nurse is a person who has completed a program of basic, generalized nursing education (ICN, 1987) # What Are the Roles of a Nurse? - Care provider - Educator - Manager - Leader # What Are The Functions Of A Nurse: - Providing physical care - Emotional support for the sick - Injured and disabled - Helping in the education of nursing and the medical students. # Empathy: - Truly understanding and sharing someone else's feelings, as if you experience them yourself. - It's the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes. # Sympathy: - Acknowledging someone else's feelings. - You feel concern but don't feel what they are feeling. # Types Of Theories: - Grand nursing theories - Middle-range nursing theories - Practice-level nursing theories # Nursing Theories Definitions: - Theories are general concepts, used to explain, predict, control, and understand commonly occurring events. # Pioneers In Nursing: - **Clara Barton (1821 - 1912):** Battlefield nurse. Founder of the American Red Cross - **Mary Breckinridge (1881 - 1965):** Founded the Frontier Nursing Service bringing midwifery and infant health care to rural areas. - **Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802 - 1887):** Early nursing pioneer who revolutionized health care for the mentally ill. - **Lystra Eggert Gretter (1858 - 1951):** Public health advocate and professional reformer. - **Lydia Hall (1906 - 1969):** Pioneer in nursing autonomy and nurse-driven care: Respect for individuals right to make their own decisions - **Florence Wald (1917 - 2008):** Pioneer in hospice care. (Florence Wald RN, MSN, FAAN) # Basic Values Essential In Nursing: - Justice: Respect the moral and legal principles. (Courage, integrity, objectivity) - Freedom: Capacity to decide things. - Truth: Confidence, hope, independence) - Altruism: Concern for the welfare of others. (Caring, compassion, generosity) # Skills For Nurses: - Communication - Attitude and confidence - Teamwork - Networking - Critical thinking # Major Ethical Principles: - Autonomy: Respect for individuals' right to make their own decisions. - Beneficence: Acting in ways to promote benefit and minimize risks. - Nonmaleficence: Avoiding harm. - Veracity: Being truthful and transparent. - Accountability: Taking responsibility for one's actions. - Justice: Ensuring fairness. - Fidelity: Being loyal, trustworthy, and keeping promises. # Torts (RM26) - Assault - Battery - Fraud - Invasion of privacy - Conversion # Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910): - Founder of modern nursing. # Elizabeth Anionwu (1947): - Researcher of sickle cell care. # Christiana Reimann (1985): - Prize winning leader of the sickle cell patients. # Virginia Avenel Henderson: - The most famous nurse of the 20th century caregiver. - Virginia Avenel Henderson influenced professional caregiver education and practice.