Fundamental Truths of Requirements Gathering

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the requirements activity?

Understanding a business problem and providing a solution for it.

Requirements exist only if they are discovered and documented.

False (B)

What is the key to discovering the right requirements?

Discovering the real problem that the software is meant to solve.

What is the most important factor in determining the value of a software product?

<p>The benefit it provides to its owner.</p>
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Optimal value for a software product means delivering it on time and within budget.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Who is the owner of a software product?

<p>The person or organization that pays for the software or its development.</p>
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The owner of a software product usually has the same needs and priorities as the users.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Why is it critical to understand the needs of the user in requirements discovery?

<p>To ensure the product is usable and satisfies user expectations to optimize value.</p>
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Explain the difference between functional and non-functional requirements.

<p>Functional requirements define what the product must do, while non-functional requirements describe how well the product performs.</p>
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What are constraints in the context of requirements?

<p>Limitations or restrictions that influence the development of the product.</p>
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What are the two main types of constraints?

<p>Solution constraints and project constraints.</p>
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How do naming conventions and definitions contribute to the understanding and communication of requirements?

<p>They ensure consistency and clarity of language, reducing ambiguity and facilitating understanding among stakeholders.</p>
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Risks should be ignored during requirements discovery, as they can be addressed later in the development cycle.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the main purpose of the Volere Requirements process?

<p>To provide a structured approach for discovering, documenting, and managing requirements to ensure a valuable product.</p>
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What does the first truth of requirements gathering state?

<p>Requirements are not about requirements; they represent what the product must do or be to address the problem.</p>
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What is the primary goal of requirements discovery, according to Truth 1?

<p>To uncover the real problem and identify the best solution.</p>
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Truth 2 states that a product must provide value that exceeds its cost.

<p>True (A)</p>
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According to Truth 3, what is essential before a product can satisfy a need?

<p>The need must be clearly understood and defined. (B)</p>
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What does Truth 4 emphasize regarding the purpose of software?

<p>The purpose of software is to solve a business problem, not just to function as a technical solution.</p>
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Truth 5 suggests that verbal communication is sufficient for conveying requirements.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What are two challenges analysts might face when working with stakeholders, as described in Truth 6?

<p>Stakeholders may struggle to articulate their real needs or focus on current processes instead of future possibilities.</p>
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What is the key takeaway from Truth 7 regarding the requirements discovery process?

<p>Requirements discovery is a systematic activity, not a random exploration.</p>
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Truth 8 states that iterative development approaches, like Agile, eliminate the need for clear requirements.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What are three things that tools and methodologies cannot replace in the requirements process, according to Truth 9?

<p>Critical thinking, analytical rigor, and effective communication.</p>
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What are ambiguous requirements likely to lead to, according to Truth 10?

<p>Misunderstandings and poor implementation.</p>
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How do analysts influence stakeholder thinking, as described in Truth 11?

<p>By modeling, questioning, and validating requirements, analysts help stakeholders gain deeper insights into their own needs.</p>
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What are three main types of requirements as defined in the chapter?

<p>Functional requirements, non-functional requirements, and constraints.</p>
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What is the key characteristic of functional requirements?

<p>They specify the actions or operations that the product must perform.</p>
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What is the purpose of constraints in the requirements process?

<p>They represent limitations or rules that govern the product or project.</p>
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The Volere Requirements Process is a waterfall model that rigidly follows predefined steps.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the key purpose of the Project Blastoff stage in the Volere Process?

<p>To establish the foundation for the project by defining the scope, identifying stakeholders, and ensuring viability.</p>
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What technique is used in the Trawling for Requirements stage to uncover information about the work?

<p>Analysts use various techniques, including interviews, workshops, scenarios, process modeling, and direct observation.</p>
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What is the main purpose of prototyping and modeling in the Volere Process?

<p>To visualize and validate requirements, clarifying understanding and refining unclear requirements.</p>
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What is the main focus of the Quality Gateway in the Volere Process?

<p>To prevent unsuitable requirements from entering the specification by ensuring they meet quality criteria.</p>
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The Volere Requirements Process is designed to support iterative methodologies like Agile.

<p>True (A)</p>
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What is the key role of the business analyst in the Volere Process?

<p>To act as a bridge between stakeholders and the development team, facilitating communication and collaboration, clarifying ambiguous requirements, and ensuring the product delivers value.</p>
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What technique is used in Chapter 3 to visually define the system and its interactions with external entities?

<p>A context diagram is used to visually define the boundaries of the work and distinguish it from its environment.</p>
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What are the three key objectives of the Project Blastoff activity?

<p>Defining the business problem, identifying stakeholders, goals, and constraints, and ensuring the project is viable and has stakeholder alignment.</p>
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What is the main purpose of a business use case in the requirements process?

<p>To represent a complete set of activities the work must perform to respond to a specific business event.</p>
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What are two key benefits of using business events and use cases in requirements discovery?

<p>Clarity and traceability.</p>
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What is the key difference between a business use case and a product use case?

<p>Business use cases focus on the business and its needs, while product use cases focus on the product being developed and its functionality.</p>
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What is the main purpose of the 'Trawling for Requirements' stage in the Volere Process?

<p>To understand the current business processes and uncover the essence of the work by separating it from its current implementation or perceived solutions.</p>
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What are the four perspectives of the Brown Cow Model?

<p>How-Now, What-Now, Future-What, and Future-How.</p>
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What is the key benefit of using scenarios in the requirements process?

<p>Scenarios clarify requirements by illustrating how the system behaves in real-world situations.</p>
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What is the main purpose of 'Understanding the Real Problem' stage in the requirements process?

<p>To move beyond perceived solutions and current implementations to identify the true essence of the business problem.</p>
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What is the key difference between 'thinking above the line' and 'thinking below the line' in the Brown Cow Model?

<p>'Thinking above the line' focuses on the essence of the business problem, while 'thinking below the line' focuses on the implementation details.</p>
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What are two main goals of the 'Transitioning from Problem to Solution' stage in the requirements process?

<p>Creating a solution that is effective and innovative and meeting both user and business expectations.</p>
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What are two key benefits of using personas in the requirements process?

<p>Personas help understand the target users' needs, goals, and pain points and provide a basis for defining user-centered features.</p>
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What are the key aspects of the user experience (UX) design that should be considered in the solution design?

<p>Convenience, connections, information, and feelings.</p>
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What is the key purpose of documenting design decisions?

<p>To maintain a record of the rationale behind the design choices, ensuring clarity and consistency in subsequent development.</p>
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What is the key purpose of the 'Strategies for Today’s Business Analyst' chapter in the book?

<p>To provide insights into managing knowledge, activities, and people while adapting the requirements process to diverse environments.</p>
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What are the three key areas of balance that business analysts must manage in modern projects?

<p>Knowledge, activities, and people.</p>
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What is the key difference between an iterative strategy and a sequential strategy in requirements discovery?

<p>An iterative strategy focuses on incremental delivery and adaptive requirements, while a sequential strategy follows a structured, step-by-step approach to requirements discovery.</p>
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What is the key takeaway from the 'Sharpening Requirements Skills' section in Chapter 9?

<p>Business analysts must move beyond simply recording stakeholder requests to uncovering the true business problem, encouraging innovation, and using systemic thinking.</p>
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What is the main focus of the 'Functional Requirements' chapter?

<p>To define and describe the actions or operations that the product must perform to achieve its objectives.</p>
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What is the key purpose of fit criteria in the requirements process?

<p>To define measurable attributes to verify whether a requirement has been successfully implemented.</p>
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What is the key benefit of providing rationale for each requirement?

<p>Rationale provides context and justification, linking requirements to business goals and stakeholder needs, facilitating buy-in and resolving disputes.</p>
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What is the main purpose of the Quality Gateway in the requirements process?

<p>To ensure only high-quality, complete, and relevant requirements are accepted into the specification.</p>
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What is the key challenge in managing requirements in iterative development environments?

<p>Balancing flexibility with clarity, ensuring that requirements can evolve as the project progresses while remaining aligned with business goals and priorities.</p>
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What are two strategies that business analysts can use to effectively manage requirements in iterative development environments?

<p>Continuous discovery and refinement and close collaboration with stakeholders.</p>
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What is the key takeaway from the 'Requirements and Agile Development' chapter?

<p>The key takeaway is that managing requirements effectively in iterative and agile environments requires a balance of flexibility and clarity, continuous discovery and refinement, and close collaboration with stakeholders.</p>
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What are two strategies that analysts can use to limit the number of written requirements?

<p>Focus on high-priority and high-value requirements and reuse requirements from previous projects.</p>
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What is the main purpose of the 'Non-Functional Requirements' chapter?

<p>To define and describe the qualities and constraints the product must satisfy to be considered acceptable.</p>
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What are the five categories of non-functional requirements discussed in the chapter?

<p>Performance, usability, security, reliability, and compliance.</p>
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What is the main purpose of 'Fit Criteria and Rationale' chapter?

<p>To emphasize the importance of making requirements measurable and testable through fit criteria and providing rationale to strengthen requirements by linking them to business goals and stakeholder needs.</p>
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What are the key benefits of using a Quality Gateway in the requirements process?

<p>Avoiding rework, ensuring alignment, and reducing risks.</p>
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What is the main point of the 'Requirements and Iterative Development' chapter?

<p>To explore the challenges and strategies for managing requirements in iterative and agile development environments, emphasizing the need to balance flexibility with clarity and continuous discovery and refinement.</p>
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What are the three main types of requirements defined in Chapter 1?

<p>Functional, Non-functional, Constraints (A)</p>
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The Volere Requirements Process is a waterfall model approach.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of "Project Blastoff" in the Volere Requirements Process?

<p>Project Blastoff is the foundational step to ensure the project's viability, alignment, and stakeholder buy-in.</p>
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What are the key activities of the "Trawling for Requirements" stage in the Volere Requirements Process?

<p>The &quot;Trawling for Requirements&quot; stage focuses on uncovering the essence of the work by investigating the current state of the business, its challenges, and stakeholders' needs.</p>
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What is the primary goal of the "Quality Gateway" in the Volere Requirements Process?

<p>The Quality Gateway aims to prevent unsuitable requirements from entering the specification by testing their scope relevance, completeness, consistency, and feasibility.</p>
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What are the key elements involved in "setting the scope" of a project, according to Chapter 3?

<p>Setting the scope involves defining the boundaries of the work, identifying stakeholders and their roles, and establishing project goals while addressing constraints, risks, and costs.</p>
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What are "business events" in the context of requirements analysis?

<p>Business events are occurrences that trigger a response from the work being analyzed.</p>
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Wat is het verschil tussen een organisatie en een bedrijf?

<p>Een organisatie is een groep mensen die samenwerken om een bepaald doel te bereiken. Een bedrijf is een organisatie die goederen en/of diensten produceert of verkoopt met als doel winst te maken.</p>
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Een non-profitorganisatie is een bedrijf.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Welke van onderstaande zijn belangrijke kenmerken van een bedrijf?

<p>Continuïteit (B), Doelgerichtheid (C), Samenwerkingsvorm (D), Menselijke factor (E)</p>
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Wat wordt bedoeld met het transformatieproces in een bedrijf?

<p>Het transformatieproces is de manier waarop een bedrijf input omzet in output. Input zijn de middelen die het bedrijf gebruikt, zoals materialen, arbeid en kapitaal. Output zijn de producten of diensten die het bedrijf levert.</p>
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Noem drie belangrijke krachten die aan de wieg stonden van de bedrijfskunde aan het einde van de 19e eeuw.

<p>De drie krachten zijn: de protestants-christelijke ethiek ten aanzien van arbeid, het kapitalisme en de opdeling van arbeid, en de industriële revolutie.</p>
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Wat is de definitie van bedrijfskunde?

<p>Bedrijfskunde is die tak van de wetenschap die zich bezig houdt met de organisatie en omgeving van bedrijven. Het heeft een integrale, multi- en interdisciplinaire benadering en richt zich op het oplossen van praktijkgerichte vraagstukken binnen bedrijven.</p>
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Welke competenties zijn belangrijk voor een bedrijfskundige?

<p>Communiceren (A), Samenwerken (B), Analytisch inzicht (C), Leiding geven (D), Stressbestendigheid (E), Adviseren (F)</p>
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Noem vijf verschillende beroepen die een bedrijfskundige kan uitoefenen.

<p>Een bedrijfskundige kan werken als consultant, zelfstandig ondernemer, managementtrainee, (algemeen) manager, beleidsmedewerker, en nog veel meer.</p>
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Requirements are really about writing a requirements document, not about understanding the business problem and providing a solution.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Requirements exist whether you document them or not.

<p>True (A)</p>
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The owner of a software product is always the person or organization who uses it.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the relationship between the owner and the user of a software product?

<p>The owner pays for the software, while the user interacts with the software to achieve a benefit.</p>
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A software product is optimally valuable when it provides a high level of benefit at a low cost.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Requirements for a government project are different in kind from requirements for a commercial software product.

<p>False (B)</p>
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The requirements discovery process should involve all stakeholders.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Why is it critical to involve the owner of a software product in the requirements discovery process?

<p>They have a vested interest in the value and benefit the software provides.</p>
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What does it mean to think "above the line" in the context of requirements discovery?

<p>It means focusing on the essential business problem rather than getting bogged down in technical details.</p>
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Requirements discovery is a single, linear process completed before development begins.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Requirements are not a set of fixed commands in a document.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Requirements describe "what" a product should do, not "how" it should do it.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Wat is UX Design?

<p>UX Design draait om de algehele gebruikerservaring – hoe gebruikers een product of dienst beleven, vanaf het eerste contactmoment tot de laatste interactie. Het richt zich op gebruiksgemak, toegankelijkheid, efficiëntie, en het creëren van een prettige ervaring die tot tevredenheid leidt.</p>
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Welke vier kerngebieden vallen onder UX Design?

<p>Bruikbaarheid, Toegankelijkheid, Efficiëntie, Emotionele Impact (A)</p>
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Wat is bruikbaarheid in het kader van UX Design?

<p>Bruikbaarheid gaat over de eenvoud en intuïtiviteit van een product. Gebruikers moeten niet alleen gemakkelijk leren hoe ze het product kunnen gebruiken, maar ook het vertrouwen hebben dat ze weinig fouten maken tijdens het gebruik.</p>
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Wat is toegankelijkheid in het kader van UX Design?

<p>Toegankelijkheid houdt in dat producten ontworpen zijn voor alle gebruikers, inclusief mensen met beperkingen, zoals visuele, auditieve of motorische beperkingen.</p>
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Wat is efficiëntie in het kader van UX Design?

<p>Efficiëntie gaat over hoe snel en zonder gedoe gebruikers hun taken kunnen voltooien. Een product dat het proces vereenvoudigt en overbodige stappen elimineert, helpt gebruikers hun doelen sneller te bereiken, wat de gebruikerstevredenheid verhoogt.</p>
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Wat is emotionele impact in het kader van UX Design?

<p>Emotionele impact gaat over hoe een product gebruikers laat voelen. Goede UX Design wekt positieve emoties op, versterkt het vertrouwen en zorgt voor herhaald gebruik. Dit kan in subtiele elementen zitten, zoals een prettige animatie of vriendelijke feedback.</p>
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Wat zijn voordelen van goed uitgevoerde UX Design?

<p>Gebruikerstevredenheid, Minder frustratie, Concurrentievoordeel, Klantloyaliteit, Bedrijfssucces (C)</p>
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Welke UI elementen worden in het document genoemd?

<p>Alle bovenstaande opties (D)</p>
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Welke vier fasen worden onderscheiden in het UX Design proces?

<p>De vier fasen in het UX Design proces zijn Onderzoek, Analyse, Design en Testen.</p>
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Wat is de belangrijkste doelstelling van de onderzoeksfase?

<p>De onderzoeksfase geeft een dieper inzicht in wat gebruikers nodig hebben, waar hun pijnpunten liggen, en wat hun doelen zijn. Het vormt de basis waarop alle ontwerpbeslissingen worden gebaseerd.</p>
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Welke activiteiten behoren tot de onderzoeksfase?

<p>Alle bovenstaande opties (A)</p>
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Wat is de belangrijkste doelstelling van de analysefase?

<p>De analysefase zorgt ervoor dat alle inzichten uit het onderzoek worden omgezet in concrete ontwerpdoelen. Dit helpt het team om te ontwerpen vanuit het perspectief van de gebruiker.</p>
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Welke activiteiten behoren tot de analysefase?

<p>Beide opties (C)</p>
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Wat is de belangrijkste doelstelling van de designfase?

<p>De designfase vertaalt de inzichten uit de eerdere fasen in een visueel en interactief ontwerp dat klaar is om getest te worden.</p>
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Welke activiteiten behoren tot de designfase?

<p>Alle bovenstaande opties (D)</p>
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Create a PL/SQL block which prints your name, birthday and your age. Print them on the serveroutput.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'Jouw Naam'; v_birthday DATE := TO_DATE('2000-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- Pas aan naar jouw geboortedatum v_age NUMBER; BEGIN v_age := TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, v_birthday) / 12); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || v_name); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Birthday: ' || TO_CHAR(v_birthday, 'DD-Mon-YYYY')); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Age: ' || v_age); END; / </code></pre>
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Create a PL/SQL block which calculates your age in 10, 20 and 25 years.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_birthday DATE := TO_DATE('2000-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- Pas aan naar jouw geboortedatum v_current_age NUMBER; v_age_10 NUMBER; v_age_20 NUMBER; v_age_25 NUMBER; BEGIN v_current_age := TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, v_birthday) / 12); v_age_10 := v_current_age + 10; v_age_20 := v_current_age + 20; v_age_25 := v_current_age + 25; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Current Age: ' || v_current_age); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Age in 10 years: ' || v_age_10); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Age in 20 years: ' || v_age_20); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Age in 25 years: ' || v_age_25); END; / </code></pre>
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Create a PL/SQL block which gets the day (Monday, etc.) you were born on.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_birthday DATE := TO_DATE('2000-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- Pas aan v_day VARCHAR2(20); BEGIN v_day := TO_CHAR(v_birthday, 'Day'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('You were born on: ' || v_day); END; / </code></pre>
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Create a PL/SQL block where the addition and subtraction of two given values are calculated. Print these values on the serveroutput.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_num1 NUMBER := 10; v_num2 NUMBER := 5; v_sum NUMBER; v_difference NUMBER; BEGIN v_sum := v_num1 + v_num2; v_difference := v_num1 - v_num2; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sum: ' || v_sum); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Difference: ' || v_difference); END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL block to calculate the incentive of an employee whose ID is 110. (Use HR schema employees table)

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_salary employees.salary%TYPE; v_incentive NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 110; v_incentive := v_salary * 0.10; -- 10% incentive DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Incentive for employee 110: ' || v_incentive); END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL block to show that a reserved word can be used as a user-defined identifier.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE &quot;BEGIN&quot; NUMBER := 10; -- Dubbele quotes maken het mogelijk BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Value of &quot;BEGIN&quot;: ' || &quot;BEGIN&quot;); END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL block to explain single and multi-line comments.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_example NUMBER := 10; -- Dit is een single-line comment BEGIN /* Dit is een multi-line comment. We kunnen hier meerdere regels gebruiken zonder dat PL/SQL het als code interpreteert. */ DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Example value: ' || v_example); END; / </code></pre>
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Write PL/SQL blocks to show the declaration of variables.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_name VARCHAR2(50); v_age NUMBER; v_salary NUMBER(10,2); v_hire_date DATE; BEGIN v_name := 'John Doe'; v_age := 30; v_salary := 5000.50; v_hire_date := SYSDATE; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || v_name); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Age: ' || v_age); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hire Date: ' || TO_CHAR(v_hire_date, 'DD-Mon-YYYY')); END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL block to adjust the salary of the employee whose ID is 122. (Use HR schema employees table)

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_new_salary employees.salary%TYPE; BEGIN UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = 122 RETURNING salary INTO v_new_salary; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary for employee 122: ' || v_new_salary); END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL block to describe the usage of NULL values in equal comparison, unequal comparison and NOT NULL equals NULL comparison.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_null_value VARCHAR2(10) := NULL; v_test_value VARCHAR2(10) := 'Test'; BEGIN IF v_null_value = v_test_value THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('NULL is equal to Test'); -- Dit zal niet printen ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('NULL is NOT equal to Test'); -- Dit zal wel printen END IF; IF v_null_value IS NULL THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('NULL is detected using IS NULL'); -- Correcte manier END IF; END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL block to learn how to declare a character type variable.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_char_variable CHAR(10) := 'A'; v_varchar_variable VARCHAR2(50) := 'Hello, PL/SQL!'; BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('CHAR variable: ' || v_char_variable); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VARCHAR2 variable: ' || v_varchar_variable); END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL block to insert data into a table using a character type variable.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_employee_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'John Doe'; BEGIN INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name) VALUES (9999, v_employee_name); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inserted Employee: ' || v_employee_name); END; / </code></pre>
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Write a PL/SQL program to show the upper limit of PLS_INTEGER.

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_max PLS_INTEGER := 2147483647; BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Max value of PLS_INTEGER: ' || v_max); END; / </code></pre>
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Arrange two numbers into num_small and num_large

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_num1 NUMBER := 25; v_num2 NUMBER := 15; num_small NUMBER; num_large NUMBER; BEGIN IF v_num1 &lt; v_num2 THEN num_small := v_numl; num_large := v_num2; ELSE num_small := v_num2; num_large := v_num1; END IF; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Smallest number: ' || num_small); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Largest number: ' || num_large); END; / </code></pre>
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Check if a number is even or odd

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_number NUMBER := 7; BEGIN IF MOD(v_number, 2) = 0 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_number || ' is even.'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_number || ' is odd.'); END IF; END; / </code></pre>
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Display which day a specific date falls on

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_date DATE := TO_DATE('2024-03-10', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); v_day VARCHAR2(20); BEGIN v_day := TO_CHAR(v_date, 'Day'); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The date ' || TO_CHAR(v_date, 'DD-Mon-YYYY') || ' falls on: ' || v_day); END; / </code></pre>
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Print variable values inside and outside a loop using LOOP EXIT

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_counter NUMBER := 1; BEGIN LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inside loop: ' || v_counter); EXIT WHEN v_counter = 5; v_counter := v_counter + 1; END LOOP; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Outside loop: ' || v_counter); END; / </code></pre>
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Show the use of a nested loop

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE i NUMBER; j NUMBER; BEGIN FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP FOR j IN 1..3 LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('i=' || i || ', j=' || j); END LOOP; END LOOP; END; / </code></pre>
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Update salary based on mid-range check

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_salary employees.salary%TYPE; v_job_id employees.job_id%TYPE; v_min_salary jobs.min_salary%TYPE; v_max_salary jobs.max_salary%TYPE; v_mid_salary NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT salary, job_id INTO v_salary, v_job_id FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 105; SELECT min_salary, max_salary INTO v_min_salary, v_max_salary FROM jobs WHERE job_id = v_job_id; v_mid_salary := (v_min_salary + v_max_salary) / 2; IF v_salary &gt; v_mid_salary THEN UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.08 WHERE employee_id = 105; ELSE UPDATE employees SET salary = v_mid_salary WHERE employee_id = 105; END IF; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated for employee 105'); END; / </code></pre>
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Use nested loop with EXIT WHEN statement

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE i NUMBER := 1; j NUMBER; BEGIN WHILE i &lt;= 3 LOOP j := 1; WHILE j &lt;= 3 LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('i=' || i || ', j=' || j); EXIT WHEN j = 2; -- Exit when j reaches 2 j := j + 1; END LOOP; i:=i+1; END LOOP; END; / </code></pre>
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Use a loop with the CONTINUE statement

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_counter NUMBER := 0; BEGIN FOR v_counter IN 1..10 LOOP IF MOD(v_counter, 2) = 0 THEN CONTINUE; -- Skip even numbers END IF; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Odd Number: ' || v_counter); END LOOP; END; / </code></pre>
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Print the first n numbers

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_n NUMBER := 10; v_counter NUMBER := 1; BEGIN WHILE v_counter &lt;= v_n LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter); v_counter := v_counter + 1; END LOOP; END; / </code></pre>
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Print the first n numbers with a difference of 3, starting from 1

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_n NUMBER := 10; v_value NUMBER := 1; BEGIN FOR i IN 1..v_n LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_value); v_value := v_value + 3; END LOOP; END; / </code></pre>
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Show the value of a local and global variable with the same name

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_value NUMBER := 100; -- Global variable BEGIN DECLARE v_value NUMBER := 50; -- Local variable BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Inside inner block: ' || v_value); END; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Outside inner block: ' || v_value); END; / </code></pre>
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Explain the use of a nested FOR loop with a label

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE i NUMBER; j NUMBER; BEGIN &lt;&lt;outer_loop&gt;&gt; FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP &lt;&lt;inner_loop&gt;&gt; FOR j IN 1..3 LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('i=' || i || ', j=' || j); END LOOP inner_loop; END LOOP outer_loop; END; / </code></pre>
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Print prime numbers between 1 and 50

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_num NUMBER; v_divisor NUMBER; v_is_prime BOOLEAN; BEGIN FOR v_num IN 2..50 LOOP v_is_prime := TRUE; FOR v_divisor IN 2..SQRT(v_num) LOOP IF MOD(v_num, v_divisor) = 0 THEN v_is_prime := FALSE; EXIT; END IF; END LOOP; IF v_is_prime THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num || ' is prime'); END IF; END LOOP; END; / </code></pre>
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Check if a number is prime using GOTO inside a FOR loop

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_num NUMBER := 17; v_divisor NUMBER; BEGIN FOR v_divisor IN 2..SQRT(v_num) LOOP IF MOD(v_num, v_divisor) = 0 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num || ' is not prime'); GOTO end_check; END IF; END LOOP; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num || ' is prime'); &lt;&lt;end_check&gt;&gt; NULL; END; / </code></pre>
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Insert records from one table to another

<pre><code class="language-sql">BEGIN INSERT INTO employees_backup (employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary) SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary FROM employees; COMMIT; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Records inserted successfully.'); END; / </code></pre>
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Insert a row if a component value is specified

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_employee_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'John Doe'; v_salary NUMBER := 5000; BEGIN IF v_salary IS NOT NULL THEN INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, salary) VALUES (9999, v_employee_name, v_salary); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee inserted.'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is NULL, no record inserted.'); END IF; END; / </code></pre>
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Show the use of a static PL/SQL statement

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_count NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM employees; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total employees: ' || v_count); END; / </code></pre>
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Show the use of CURVAL and NEXTVAL with a sequence

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_new_id NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT employee_seq.NEXTVAL INTO v_new_id FROM dual; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Next sequence value: ' || v_new_id); SELECT employee_seq.CURVAL INTO v_new_id FROM dual; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Current sequence value: ' || v_new_id); END; / </code></pre>
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Find the number of rows affected using SQL%ROWCOUNT

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_rows_affected NUMBER; BEGIN UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.05 WHERE department_id = 50; v_rows_affected := SQL%ROWCOUNT; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Rows affected: ' || v_rows_affected); END; / </code></pre>
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Show the use of an implicit cursor without using attributes

<pre><code class="language-sql">BEGIN UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE department_id = 30; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Update executed successfully.'); END; / </code></pre>
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Show the use of SQL%FOUND to check if a DELETE affected any rows

<pre><code class="language-sql">BEGIN DELETE FROM employees WHERE department_id = 99; IF SQL%FOUND THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employees deleted.'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No records found to delete.'); END IF; END; / </code></pre>
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Show the use of SQL%NOTFOUND to check if an UPDATE affected any rows

<pre><code class="language-sql">BEGIN UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.05 WHERE department_id = 99; IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows updated.'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully.'); END IF; END; / </code></pre>
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Create a table-based record using the %ROWTYPE attribute

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_employee employees%ROWTYPE; BEGIN SELECT * INTO v_employee FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 101; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' || v_employee.first_name || ' ' || v_employee.last_name); END; / </code></pre>
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Display details of employee ID 149 from the employees table

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE v_first_name employees.first_name%TYPE; v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE; v_salary employees.salary%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT first_name, last_name, salary INTO v_first_name, v_last_name, v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 149; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee: ' || v_first_name || ' ' || v_last_name || ', Salary: ' || v_salary); END; / </code></pre>
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Display employee details using a cursor

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT first_name, last_name, salary FROM employees; v_first_name employees.first_name%TYPE; v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE; v_salary employees.salary%TYPE; BEGIN OPEN emp_cursor; LOOP FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_first_name, v_last_name, v_salary; EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_first_name || ' ' || v_last_name || ' - Salary: ' || v_salary); END LOOP; CLOSE emp_cursor; END; / </code></pre>
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Retrieve and display records from the employees table using a cursor

<pre><code class="language-sql">DECLARE CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name FROM employees; v_emp_id employees.employee_id%TYPE; v_first_name employees.first_name%TYPE; v_last_name employees.last_name%TYPE; BEGIN OPEN emp_cursor; LOOP FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_emp_id, v_first_name, v_last_name; EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' || v_emp_id || ', Name: ' || v_first_name || ' ' || v_last_name); END LOOP; </code></pre>
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Flashcards

What are requirements?

Requirements are the essence of what the product is intended to do and be. They exist whether you discover them or not, and whether you write them down or not.

What is the main goal of requirements?

The real focus of requirements work is discovering the true problem the product aims to solve. Writing the requirements document is a byproduct of this understanding.

What are functional requirements?

Functional requirements describe what the product must do, outlining its capabilities and features.

What are non-functional requirements?

Non-functional requirements specify how well the product performs its functions. These cover aspects like usability, performance, security, and reliability.

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What are constraints?

Constraints are restrictions on the product or its development, imposed by factors like budget, schedule, technology, or regulations.

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What is the Volere Requirements Process?

The Volere Requirements Process is a structured approach for uncovering, analyzing, and documenting requirements. It emphasizes understanding the real problem before focusing on solutions.

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Who is the owner in requirements?

The owner is the person or organization that pays for the product, whether it's developed internally or purchased externally. They also bear the cost of business disruption during implementation.

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What is optimally valuable software?

Optimally valuable software provides a benefit that surpasses its cost of development, taking into account factors like disruption and lost productivity during implementation.

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Who is responsible for requirements?

Business analysts, requirements engineers, or product managers are responsible for uncovering and documenting the needs and constraints of a product.

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Are requirements always the same?

Requirements are not always the same for every project. Different projects, stakeholders, and development approaches necessitate different levels of detail and formality.

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What is the Requirements Process?

The Requirements Process helps make sure you build the right product. It's a methodical approach to discovering, analyzing, and documenting the needs and constraints of the product.

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What is Project Blastoff?

Project Blastoff is the initial step in the Requirements Process. It involves defining the scope of the work area, identifying stakeholders, and setting clear project goals.

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What is trawling for requirements?

Trawling for requirements involves gathering information about the current situation and the desired future state. This involves techniques like interviewing stakeholders, observing processes, and analyzing existing documents.

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What is quick and dirty modeling?

Quick and dirty modeling involves creating simplified models that represent the current state of the business. This helps to visualize processes and identify key elements that need to be changed.

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What are scenarios?

Scenarios depict typical situations that users or businesses might encounter when interacting with the product. They illustrate real-world user interactions and highlight key features and functionalities.

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How are requirements written?

Writing the requirements involves documenting the gathered information in a clear, concise, and unambiguous manner. This typically involves using a structured template to ensure completeness and accuracy.

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What is the Quality Gateway?

The Quality Gateway is a process for evaluating the quality of your requirements, ensuring they are complete, consistent, unambiguous, and feasible within project constraints.

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What is reusing requirements?

Reusing requirements involves leveraging existing requirements from previous projects or other sources. This can save time and effort, and ensure consistency across projects.

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What is reviewing requirements?

Reviewing the requirements involves soliciting feedback and input from stakeholders to ensure they are accurate, complete, and understandable.

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How do requirements evolve in iterative/incremental development?

Iterative and incremental development approaches allow requirements to be refined and evolved throughout the project lifecycle. This ensures that the product meets emerging needs and adapts to changing business priorities.

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What is a requirements retrospective?

Requirements Retrospective is a process for reviewing the effectiveness of your requirements process after a project is complete. It helps identify areas for improvement and optimize the process for future projects.

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How do requirements evolve?

Evolution of requirements can happen throughout the project lifecycle. This involves adapting to changing business needs, responding to feedback, and incorporating new information as it becomes available.

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What is a requirements template?

A template is a structured format used to document requirements. It helps ensure consistency, completeness, and clarity in the requirements specification.

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What is a Snow Card?

A Snow Card is a single-page document used to capture atomic requirements. It's a simple and focused format that helps in identifying, defining, and linking individual requirements.

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Can I create my own requirements process?

Different projects have different needs. You should tailor your requirements process to the specific context and complexity of the project.

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What is the Formality Guide?

The Formality Guide provides a framework for determining the appropriate level of formality and detail for your requirements, based on factors like project complexity, stakeholder expectations, and development methodology.

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What is the purpose of this book?

This book provides a comprehensive guide to Mastering the Requirements Process, covering various aspects of requirements discovery, documentation, and management.

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What is setting the scope?

Setting the scope involves defining the specific area or problem the project is intended to address. This ensures that the project team focuses on the right area and avoids unnecessary distractions.

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How do you set the scope?

Separating the work from its environment is crucial for defining the scope. It helps distinguish what the project will change from what it will not.

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What is the IceBreaker?

The IceBreaker is a tool for visualizing the context of the work area. It helps to identify the relevant stakeholders, goals, and constraints for the project.

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What is the first-cut work context?

The first-cut work context is an initial representation of the relevant stakeholders, business events, and core data associated with the project. It's a starting point for understanding the problem space.

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What are stakeholders?

Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have an interest in or are affected by the outcome of the project. Identifying stakeholders is essential for understanding their needs and expectations.

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Who is the sponsor?

The sponsor is the individual or group who provides funding and support for the project. They are typically high-level executives who champion the project and drive its approval.

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Who is the customer?

The customer is the individual or group who will be using the product. Their needs and requirements are critical for defining the product's functionality and usability.

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Who are the users?

Users are individuals who directly interact with the product. Understanding their roles, tasks, and expectations is essential for ensuring the product is usable and meets their needs.

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Wat is een bedrijf?

Een bedrijf is een organisatie die goederen en/of diensten voortbrengt of handel drijft met het doel deze te verkopen op een afzetmarkt.

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Wat is een organisatie?

Een organisatie is een menselijke samenwerking die doelgericht en als blijvend bedoeld is.

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Wat is een non-profit instelling?

Een bedrijf zonder winstoogmerk is een organisatie die zich richt op het verlenen van diensten of het voortbrengen van goederen zonder winst te maken.

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Wat is een onderneming?

Een bedrijf met winstoogmerk is een organisatie die streeft naar winst.

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Wat zijn de kenmerken van een bedrijf?

De menselijke factor, samenwerking, doelgerichtheid en continuïteit zijn de vier belangrijke kenmerken van een bedrijf.

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Wat is het transformatieproces?

Het transformatieproces is de manier waarop een bedrijf input omzet in output. Dit proces is cruciaal voor het realiseren van de bedrijfsdoelstelling.

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Wat is bedrijfskunde?

De bedrijfskunde is een wetenschap die zich richt op de organisatie en omgeving van bedrijven. Het bestudeert hoe bedrijven functioneren en hoe ze hun doelen kunnen bereiken.

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Waarom is de bedrijfsomgeving belangrijk?

De bedrijfsomgeving is van belang in de bedrijfskunde, omdat bedrijven beïnvloed worden door factoren zoals de economie, wet- en regelgeving, de concurrentie en de maatschappij.

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Waarom is bedrijfskunde multidisciplinair?

Bedrijfskunde is multidisciplinair, omdat het kennis combineert uit verschillende disciplines zoals economie, recht, psychologie en sociologie.

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Waarom is bedrijfskunde interdisciplinair?

Bedrijfskunde is interdisciplinair, omdat het kennis uit verschillende disciplines integreert om problemen op te lossen.

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Waarom is bedrijfskunde een wetenschap?

Bedrijfskunde is een wetenschap, omdat het gebruik maakt van systematische methoden om kennis te verzamelen en te analyseren.

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Waarom is bedrijfskunde een kunde?

Bedrijfskunde is een kunde, omdat het praktijkgerichte kennis en vaardigheden combineert om problemen op te lossen.

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Welke competenties heeft een bedrijfskundige?

Analytisch inzicht, adviseren, samenwerken, communiceren, leidinggeven en stressbestendigheid zijn belangrijke competenties voor een bedrijfskundige.

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Wat bevorderde de ontwikkeling van de bedrijfskunde?

De protestants-christelijke ethiek, het kapitalisme en de industriële revolutie bevorderden de ontwikkeling van de bedrijfskunde.

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Welke beroepen kan een bedrijfskundige uitoefenen?

Consultant, zelfstandig ondernemer, managementtrainee, (algemeen) manager, beleidsmedewerker, accountmanager, lobbyist, controller, recruiter, beleggingsanalist, manager Productontwikkeling, Verzekeringsproducten, medewerker Personeel en Organisatie, manager kwaliteit, directiesecretaris en voorzitter projectteam zijn voorbeelden van beroepen voor een bedrijfskundige.

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Wat is UX Design?

UX Design draait om het creëren van een positieve ervaring voor gebruikers, van het eerste contact met een product of dienst tot de laatste interactie. Het richt zich op gebruiksvriendelijkheid, toegankelijkheid, efficiëntie en een fijne ervaring die tot tevredenheid leidt.

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Wat is bruikbaarheid in UX Design?

Bruikbaarheid in UX Design gaat over de eenvoud en intuïtiviteit van een product. Gebruikers moeten gemakkelijk leren hoe ze het product gebruiken en vertrouwen hebben dat ze weinig fouten maken.

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Wat is toegankelijkheid in UX Design?

Toegankelijkheid in UX Design betekent dat producten ontworpen zijn voor alle gebruikers, inclusief mensen met beperkingen zoals visuele, auditieve of motorische beperkingen.

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Wat is efficiëntie in UX Design?

Efficiëntie in UX Design gaat over hoe snel en zonder gedoe gebruikers hun taken kunnen voltooien. Een product dat het proces vereenvoudigt en overbodige stappen elimineert, verhoogt de gebruikerstevredenheid.

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Wat is emotionele impact in UX Design?

Emotionele impact in UX Design gaat over hoe een product gebruikers laat voelen. Goede UX design wekt positieve emoties op, versterkt vertrouwen en zorgt voor herhaald gebruik.

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Wat is UI Design?

UI Design focust zich op de visuele en interactieve aspecten van een product, de elementen die gebruikers direct zien en mee interacteren. UI zorgt voor aantrekkelijk, intuïtief en visueel consistent design.

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Wat zijn UI elementen?

Knoppen, typografie, kleuren, lay-outstructuur, iconen, consistentie in design en visuele feedback zijn voorbeelden van UI elementen.

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Wat zijn de stappen in het UX Design proces?

Het UX Design proces bestaat uit verschillende stappen, te beginnen met onderzoek naar gebruikersbehoeften, gevolgd door analyse, design en testen om een goed product te creëren.

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Wat is de onderzoeksfase in het UX Design proces?

Onderzoek in UX Design is de eerste stap, waarbij zoveel mogelijk informatie over gebruikers en hun behoeften wordt verzameld. Dit legt de basis voor alle ontwerpbeslissingen.

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Welke activiteiten worden uitgevoerd in de onderzoeksfase?

Gebruikersinterviews, enquêtes en vragenlijsten en contextuele observatie zijn belangrijke activiteiten in de onderzoeksfase van UX Design.

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Wat is de analysesfase in het UX Design proces?

Analyse in UX Design is de fase waarbij onderzoeksgegevens worden geanalyseerd om patronen, gemeenschappelijke problemen en terugkerende behoeften te identificeren.

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Welke activiteiten worden uitgevoerd in de analysesfase?

Gebruikerspersona's ontwikkelen, gebruikersverhalen en scenario's ontwikkelen zijn belangrijke activiteiten in de analysesfase.

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Wat is de designfase in het UX Design proces?

Design in UX Design is de creatieve fase waarin ideeën vorm krijgen en vertaald worden naar een daadwerkelijk ontwerp.

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Welke activiteiten worden uitgevoerd in de designfase?

Conceptontwikkeling, wireframes maken, mockups ontwikkelen en prototyping zijn belangrijke activiteiten in de designfase.

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Wat is de testfase in het UX Design proces?

Testen in UX Design is de fase waarin het ontwerp wordt getest met echte gebruikers om te zien of het voldoet aan hun verwachtingen en behoeften.

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Welke activiteiten worden uitgevoerd in de testfase?

Usability Testing, A/B Testing en Feedbacksessies zijn belangrijke activiteiten in de testfase.

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Wat is Figma?

Figma is een populair tool voor UX en UI designers om designs te maken, te prototypen en samen te werken.

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Waarom is UX Design belangrijk?

Gebruikers tevredenheid, minder frustratie, concurrentievoordeel, klantloyaliteit en bedrijfssucces zijn belangrijke voordelen van goed UX Design.

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Oefening: analyseer een app of website.

Kies een app of website die je fijn vindt om te gebruiken en beschrijf wat deze zo prettig in gebruik maakt. Denk aan de bruikbaarheid, toegankelijkheid, efficiëntie en emotionele impact.

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PL/SQL block for personal info

A block of PL/SQL code prints the name, birthday, and age by calculating the age from the current date and a provided birthday using the MONTHS_BETWEEN function.

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PL/SQL for future age calculation

A block of PL/SQL code calculates a future age by adding years (10, 20, and 25) to the current age, which is derived from the difference between the current date and a specified birthday.

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PL/SQL to determine day of birth

A block of PL/SQL code determines the day of the week on which a person was born using the TO_CHAR function to format a birthday date.

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PL/SQL with addition and subtraction

A block of PL/SQL code calculates the sum and difference of two predefined numbers and outputs these results.

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PL/SQL incentive calculation

A block of PL/SQL code computes an employee's incentive by fetching their salary from the 'employees' table and multiplying it by 10%.

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PL/SQL and reserved words

A block of PL/SQL code uses double quotes to define a reserved word as a user-defined identifier, demonstrating that reserved words can be used as identifiers if properly quoted.

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PL/SQL comments

PL/SQL supports single-line comments (--) and multi-line comments (/* ... */) to explain code or exclude it from execution.

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PL/SQL variable declaration

A PL/SQL block demonstrates how to declare variables of different datatypes (VARCHAR2, NUMBER, DATE) and assigns values to them for later use and output.

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Adjusting salary in PL/SQL

A PL/SQL statement adjusts an employee's salary by increasing it by 10% and updates the 'employees' table with the new salary.

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PL/SQL NULL value comparisons

A PL/SQL block demonstrates how NULL values behave in comparisons: a NULL value isn't equal or not equal to any value, including itself. Use IS NULL to check for NULL.

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PL/SQL character variables

A PL/SQL block shows how to declare character type variables using CHAR and VARCHAR2 and assign them string values.

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PL/SQL insert with character variable

A PL/SQL block includes an INSERT statement to add a new record into the employees table, utilizing a character type variable for one of the column values. Requires an existing employee id

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Insert into departments table

A PL/SQL program shows how to insert a new record into the departments table using a variable of string type for setting the department's name.

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Maximum value of PLS_INTEGER

A PL/SQL program displays the maximum possible value for a 'PLS_INTEGER' datatype (2147483647).

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PL/SQL Number comparison.

A PL/SQL block compares two numbers and assigns the smaller and larger values to respective variables, then outputs these values.

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calculate_bonus

Procedure to calculate incentive based on the target

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PL/SQL even or odd check

A PL/SQL block checks if a given number is even or odd using the MOD function and prints a corresponding message.

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weekend or weekday

A PL/SQL block which displays whether the given date is in weekend or weekday, using the TO_CHAR function with DY option.

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Calc incentive based on sale

A PL/SQL block calculates the incentive of an employee with respect to specific sales limit.

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Department 50 vacancies

A PL/SQL block which counts the number of employees in department 50 and checks vacancies, displays the output whether vacancies is available or not.

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Nested cursors

A nested cursor fetches records using a nested loop: it first fetches department IDs, then for each department it fetches employee information.

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Grade description using CASE

A PL/SQL block displays the grade description using CASE statement for the gread defined in the declared section.

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Grade description with EXCEPTION

A PL/SQL block displays the grade description using CASE statement for the grade defined in the declared section, and also handles exceptions by using WHEN OTHERS condition.

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positive, negative, or zero

A PL/SQL block to check whether a given number is positive , negative or zero using the IF statement.

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Character is letter or digit

A PL/SQL block to check whether a given character is letter or digit using the IF statement and BETWEEN operator.

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Fahrenheit to Celsius

A PL/SQL block to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa.

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Which day?

A PL/SQL block to display which day a specific date falls on, using TO_CHAR function.

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Print inside/outside using LOOP EXIT

A PL/SQL block to print variable values inside and outside a loop using LOOP EXIT

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Study Notes

UX/UI College 1 Updates

  • UX and UI Designers work together to make products beautiful and user-friendly.
  • Usability and aesthetics matter; usability focuses on intuitive interfaces aligning with user mental models, while aesthetic design enhances engagement.
  • Consistency and feedback mechanisms are key; well-placed visual, audio, and tactile feedback is crucial. Maintaining consistency with UI elements is important.
  • UX and UI both focus on research; user research and competitive analysis are used in tandem.
  • Content is key; it should be simple, clear, and easily understood, optimized for digital experiences without unnecessary text blocks.
  • A "Less is More" philosophy is used; aim for intuitive design with minimal clutter, simplifying user interactions for efficiency.
  • Accessibility focuses on broad usability; focus on accessibility is key for inclusive design and market expansion, creating compliant products.
  • Good UX and UI are the key to product success; they result in user satisfaction and market success.
  • UX strategy aligns product with business goals; it bridges user needs with business objectives for ROI and market acceptance.
  • UI and UX Design Trends: Include:
    • Tactile, immersive interfaces for realism.
    • Focus on user well-being.
    • Neumorphism.
    • Dark mode options and 3D elements.
    • VR and AR applications with micro-interactions.
    • Voice design that's conversational.
    • Emotional design for resonance.
    • Mobile-first strategies.
    • Emphasis on inclusive design for diverse users.

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COLLEGE 1 - UX Design 2024 PDF

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