Fundamental Rights Articles 12 to 28
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Questions and Answers

Which fundamental right does Article 23 specifically protect?

  • Right to employment for all citizens
  • Prohibition on child education
  • Right to vote freely
  • Prohibition of forced labor and human trafficking (correct)

    • What right is guaranteed to individuals who are arrested according to Article 22?

  • Right to be informed of grounds for arrest (correct)
  • Right to be released without charges
  • Right to remain silent indefinitely
  • Right to an immediate trial

    • What does Article 24 prohibit concerning children?

  • School attendance for children under 14
  • Employment of children in any capacity
  • Employment of children below the age of 14 in hazardous industries (correct)
  • Participation in sports by children

    • According to Article 25, the right to freedom of religion is subject to which of the following?

    <p>Public order, morality, and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article of the Constitution guarantees equality before the law?

    <p>Article 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 27 state regarding the use of tax revenues?

    <p>Prohibits the use of tax revenues for the promotion of any particular religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 17 address?

    <p>Abolition of Untouchability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a right guaranteed under Article 19?

    <p>Right to free education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 13 state regarding laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights?

    <p>They are declared invalid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article prohibits discrimination on grounds such as religion and caste?

    <p>Article 15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prohibited by Article 18 of the Constitution?

    <p>Recognition of hereditary titles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 20 protect against?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article ensures the Right to Education for children?

    <p>Article 21A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Articles 12 to 28: Fundamental Rights

    • Article 12: Defines the term "State"

      • Includes the Government and Parliament of India.
      • Includes the Government and the Parliament of each state.
      • Extends to local authorities and other authorities under the control of the Government.

    • Article 13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights

      • Invalidates any law that conflicts with Fundamental Rights.
      • Defines "law" to include ordinances, orders, and regulations.

    • Article 14: Right to Equality

      • Guarantees equality before the law.
      • Prohibits discrimination on grounds such as religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

    • Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination

      • Prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
      • Allows for special provisions for women and children.

    • Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment

      • Guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in government jobs.
      • Prohibits discrimination in employment.

    • Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability

      • Abolishes "untouchability" and forbids its practice in any form.

    • Article 18: Abolition of titles

      • Prohibits titles except for military or academic honors.

    • Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.

      • Guarantees six rights:
        1. Freedom of speech and expression.
        2. Freedom to assemble peacefully.
        3. Freedom to form associations or unions.
        4. Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
        5. Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India.
        6. Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business.
      • These rights are subject to reasonable restrictions.

    • Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offenses

      • Prohibits ex post facto laws.
      • No one can be prosecuted for an act that was not an offense at the time it was committed.
      • Provides for protection against double jeopardy and self-incrimination.

    • Article 21: Right to Life and Personal Liberty

      • No person shall be deprived of their life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law.

    • Article 21A: Right to Education

      • The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children.

    • Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention

      • Guarantees rights to individuals who are arrested, including the right to be informed of grounds for arrest and the right to consult a legal practitioner.
      • Provides provisions for preventive detention.

    • Article 23: Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor

      • Prohibits trafficking of human beings and forced labor.

    • Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.

      • Prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous industries.

    • Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion

      • Guarantees the right to religion subject to public order, morality, and health.

    • Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs

      • Provides rights to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.

    • Article 27: Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion

      • Prohibits the use of tax revenues for the promotion of any religion.

    • Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious institution

      • Prohibits religious instruction in educational institutions wholly maintained out of state funds.

    These articles form the core of the Fundamental Rights, safeguarding the rights of individuals against arbitrary actions of the State.

    State Definition

    • Article 12 defines "State" to encompass various entities including the Government and Parliament of India, as well as state governments and their respective legislatures.
    • It extends to local authorities and other authorities under the control of the government.

    Fundamental Rights Protection

    • Article 13 nullifies any law that breaches Fundamental Rights.
    • It defines "law" to include ordinances, orders, and regulations.

    Right to Equality

    • Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination on various grounds, including religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
    • Article 15 prohibits discrimination against citizens based on similar grounds and allows for special provisions for women and children.

    Equality of Opportunity

    • Article 16 guarantees equal opportunity for all citizens in government jobs and prohibits discrimination in employment.

    Abolition of Untouchability

    • Article 17 abolishes "untouchability" and forbids its practice in any form.

    Abolition of Titles

    • Article 18 prohibits titles except for military or academic honors.

    Freedoms and Protections

    • Article 19 grants six fundamental freedoms: freedom of speech and expression, peaceful assembly, forming associations, free movement, residence and settlement, and choosing a profession or business.
    • These freedoms are subject to reasonable restrictions.
    • Article 20 prohibits ex post facto laws and double jeopardy, and safeguards against self-incrimination.

    Rights to Life, Education, and Protection

    • Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, ensuring deprivation only through established legal procedures.
    • Article 21A mandates the state to provide free and compulsory education to all children.
    • Article 22 guarantees rights for individuals who are arrested, including the right to know the reason for arrest and consult legal counsel.
    • It provides provisions for preventive detention.

    Human Rights Protections

    • Article 23 prohibits human trafficking and forced labor.
    • Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below 14 in hazardous industries.

    Religious Freedoms

    • Article 25 guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to practice and propagate religion.
    • This freedom is subject to public order, morality, and health.
    • Article 26 allows for the establishment and maintenance of religious institutions.

    Tax and Religious Instruction

    • Article 27 prohibits the use of tax revenues to promote any particular religion.
    • Article 28 prohibits religious instruction in educational institutions wholly funded by the state.

    Significance of Fundamental Rights

    • These articles form the foundation of Fundamental Rights, safeguarding individual rights against arbitrary state actions.

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    Description

    Explore the core principles of Fundamental Rights enshrined in Articles 12 to 28 of the Indian Constitution. This quiz covers critical elements like the definition of 'State', the right to equality, and the prohibition of discrimination. Test your knowledge on the foundational rights that protect individual freedoms and promote social justice in India.

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