Fundamental Rights Articles 12-28

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Questions and Answers

What does Article 21 guarantee?

The right to life and personal liberty. (correct)

The right to education for all children.

Freedom of religious practice.

Protection against forced labor.

Which age group is covered under Article 21A concerning the right to education?

Ages three to six

Age five and below

Ages six to fourteen (correct)

Ages fifteen to eighteen

What right is NOT provided under Article 22 regarding arrest and detention?

Right to be informed of the grounds of arrest.

Right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours.

Right to a fair trial. (correct)

Right to consult a legal practitioner.

Which of the following does Article 23 prohibit?

Human trafficking. Signup and view all the answers

What action is not allowed under Article 24 concerning children?

Employment of children under age fourteen in factories. Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can a religious denomination manage its own affairs according to Article 26?

Only if it does not contradict State laws. Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 27 state regarding taxation and religion?

Citizens cannot be forced to pay taxes for the promotion of any religion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Fundamental Rights as mentioned in the content?

They protect individual liberties against the State. Signup and view all the answers

Which entities are included in the definition of 'the State' under Article 12?

The government and parliament, state governments, local authorities, and other authorities. Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 13 state about laws that contravene Fundamental Rights?

Any law that contravenes Fundamental Rights is void. Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 14 guarantee?

Equality before the law and equal protection of laws. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is prohibited under Article 15?

Discrimination by the State on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 17 abolish?

Untouchability in any form. Signup and view all the answers

What is ensured by Article 18 in terms of titles?

Only military or academic distinctions are allowed as titles. Signup and view all the answers

Which rights are guaranteed under Article 19?

Rights regarding speech, assembly, association, and movement. Signup and view all the answers

What protection does Article 20 provide?

Protection against self-incrimination. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Articles 12 to 28: Fundamental Rights

Article 12: Definition of State

Defines "the State" to include:
- The government and parliament of India.
- The government and legislature of each state.
- Local authorities and other authorities within the territory of India.
Significance: Lays the groundwork for the applicability of Fundamental Rights.

Article 13: Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights

Any law that contravenes Fundamental Rights is void.
Defines "law" to include:
- Any ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, or notification.
States that the existing laws before the Constitution came into force must be compatible with Fundamental Rights.

Article 14: Right to Equality

Guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination

Prohibits discrimination by the State against any citizen on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
Allows for special provisions for women and children.

Article 16: Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment

Provides for equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of public employment.
Prohibits discrimination in employment on the same grounds as Article 15.

Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability

Abolishes "untouchability" and forbids its practice in any form.
Enforces the right to be treated with dignity by all citizens.

Article 18: Abolition of Titles

Prohibits the state from confering titles except for military or academic distinctions.
Ensures equality among citizens.

Article 19: Protection of Certain Rights Regarding Freedom of Speech etc.

Guarantees the following freedoms:
1. Speech and expression.
2. Assembly peacefully.
3. Association.
4. Movement throughout the territory of India.
5. Residence and settlement.
6. Profession, occupation, trade, or business.
Restrictions: The state can impose reasonable restrictions on these rights for various purposes (security, public order, morality, etc.).

Article 20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences

Provides protection against:
1. Ex post facto laws (no one can be punished for an act that was not a crime when committed).
2. Double jeopardy (no one can be prosecuted for the same offence more than once).
3. Self-incrimination (no person shall be compelled to be a witness against themselves).

Article 21: Protection of Life and Personal Liberty

Guarantees the right to life and personal liberty.
No one shall be deprived of these rights except according to law.

Article 21A: Right to Education

Mandates the State to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged six to fourteen years.

Article 22: Protection Against Arrest and Detention

Provides rights related to arrest and detention, including:
1. Right to be informed of the grounds of arrest.
2. Right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner.
3. Right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest.
Special provisions for preventive detention.

Article 23: Prohibition of Traffic in Human Beings and Forced Labour

Prohibits trafficking in human beings and forced labor.
Permits compulsory service for public purposes under certain conditions.

Article 24: Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories

Prohibits the employment of children below age fourteen in any factory or hazardous employment.

Article 25: Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice, and Propagation of Religion

Grants the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion.
Subject to public order, morality, and health.

Article 26: Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs

Allows religious denominations to:
1. Establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.
2. Manage their own affairs in matters of religion.

Article 27: Freedom from Taxation for Promotion of any Religion

Prohibits the State from compelling a citizen to pay taxes for the promotion of a particular religion.

Article 28: Freedom from Attending Religious Instruction

Prohibits religious instruction in educational institutions wholly maintained out of State funds.
Allows for religious instruction in institutions recognized by the State.

Key Concepts

Fundamental Rights protect individual liberties against the State.
Rights can be subject to reasonable restrictions.
They serve to uphold the dignity of the individual and promote social justice.

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Description

Explore Articles 12 to 28 of the Indian Constitution, which outline the scope and significance of Fundamental Rights. Understand key aspects such as the definition of 'the State', the right to equality, and the prohibition of discrimination. This quiz delves into essential articles that safeguard individual rights in India.