Functions of Tongue Papillae Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Where is the sublingual caruncle located?

Underneath the tongue

On top of the tongue

Near the frenulum of the tongue (correct)

Between the upper and lower teeth

Which type of secretion dominates in both sublingual glands?

Purely serous

Salivary

Purely mucous

Serous-mucous (correct)

What is the shape of the mandibular salivary gland?

Round (correct)

Triangular

Irregular

Rectangular

Where does the major sublingual salivary gland open its duct?

Near the frenulum of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which animal lacks the major sublingual salivary gland?

Horse Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve carries the sense of taste to the caudal third of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Signup and view all the answers

What type of secretion do the minor salivary glands produce?

Mucous Signup and view all the answers

Where are the minor salivary glands located?

Mucosa of the lips, cheeks, tongue, palate, and sublingual floor Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic lingual muscles?

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of salivary glands produce most of the saliva?

Submandibular glands Signup and view all the answers

Which type of taste bud-containing papillae has a mushroom-shaped appearance?

Fungiform papillae Signup and view all the answers

What nerve supplies the rostral two-thirds of the tongue for the sense of pain, temperature, and tactile perception?

Glossopharyngeal (IX) Signup and view all the answers

How are salivary glands classified based on secretion?

By secretion (serous or mucus or both) Signup and view all the answers

What type of taste buds are present on Vallate papillae?

Numerous taste buds on the sides Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic lingual muscles?

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the parotid salivary gland lie?

Above the auricular cartilage in the neck region Signup and view all the answers

Which animal has a well-developed parotid salivary gland?

Herbivores Signup and view all the answers

Where does the parotid duct open in most animals?

Into the buccal vestibule Signup and view all the answers

How is the mandibular salivary gland positioned relative to the parotid gland?

It is covered by the parotid gland in part and is bigger in ruminants Signup and view all the answers

In which animals does the parotid duct pass around the ventral margin of the mandible before opening?

In small ruminants like goats Signup and view all the answers

Where is the parotid salivary gland located in relation to the auricular cartilage in ruminants?

Ventral Signup and view all the answers

Which type of secretion is predominant in the sublingual salivary gland's product?

Serous-mucoid with mucous dominance Signup and view all the answers

In which animals does the duct of the parotid salivary gland pass over the lateral surface of the masseter muscle?

Dog Signup and view all the answers

How is the major sublingual salivary gland classified based on its duct structure?

Monostomatic Signup and view all the answers

In which location does the mandibular salivary gland open with the major sublingual duct near the sublingual caruncle?

Ventral to the mucosa of the floor of the oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

Where are Vallate papillae located on the tongue?

On the dorsum, rostral to the root of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Vallate papillae?

Taste perception with numerous taste buds on their sides Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is used in venipuncture in a clinic due to its visibility on the ventral side of the tongue?

Sublingual artery Signup and view all the answers

What innervates the sense of taste to the rostral two thirds of the tongue?

Chorda tympanic Signup and view all the answers

Which salivary gland is associated with gustatory and mechanical functions?

Parotid salivary gland Signup and view all the answers

What forms the hard palate in the oral cavity?

Palatine processes of the maxilla and incisive bones Signup and view all the answers

In which animal species is the mouth relatively small compared to their long digestive tube?

Horses and ruminants Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle plays a role in forming the cheeks (buccae) and helping return food back into the central oral cavity?

Buccinator muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small papillae in ruminants?

Provide protection against dryness of food Signup and view all the answers

Which structure replaces the incisors teeth and canine teeth in the upper jaw of ruminants?

Dental pad Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the soft palate in the oral cavity?

Separate the digestive and respiratory passages Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are aggregated in carnivores to form the zygomatic salivary gland?

Salivary glands (buccal glands) Signup and view all the answers

What does the buccal papilla contribute to in oral cavity function?

'Returning' food to central oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infections can herpes viruses cause?

Viral infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of latent virus infections?

The virus remains hidden in cells and is dormant Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antiviral agents in treating infections?

Inhibiting virus production and enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What are oncogenic viruses also known as?

Cancer-causing viruses Signup and view all the answers

What property of viruses distinguishes them from living cells?

Division by binary fission, mitosis, or meiosis Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses differ from bacteria in terms of nucleic acid composition?

Double-stranded RNA viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic used to classify viruses?

Shape and size of capsid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of virus relies on the host cell for energy production?

Enveloped viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of animal viruses?

Infection of specific target cells Signup and view all the answers

Which category do most viral genomes belong to in terms of nucleic acid type?

Double-stranded DNA viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target for HIV?

CD4+ cells Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious particles are smaller and less complex than viruses?

Viroids Signup and view all the answers

What are viroids made of?

Single-stranded RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious proteins cause fatal neurologic diseases in animals?

Prions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathogens is the most resistant to disinfectants?

Prions Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 basic categories of bacteria based on shape?

Round, Rod-shaped, Spiral Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial arrangement is characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus?

Clusters Signup and view all the answers

Which shape of bacteria are commonly seen in chains as Streptococci?

Cocci Signup and view all the answers

In terms of morphology, what distinguishes Bacilli from Cocci?

Round vs. Rod-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe bacteria that lack a cell wall?

Mycoplasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the average diameter of a coccus?

~1 µm Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about mycoplasmas?

They are pleomorphic in shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of photosynthetic bacteria like purple and green bacteria?

They use light as an energy source differently from cyanobacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Which domain was discovered in 1977 and is genetically more related to eukaryotes than bacteria?

Archaea Signup and view all the answers

What type of photosynthesis produces oxygen?

Oxygenic photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

In which extreme environments can Archaea be found?

Extremely acidic, hot, or salty Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates mycoplasmas from most other bacteria?

Assuming many shapes due to lacking a cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the average size of an average bacillus?

1 x 3 µm Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are examples of curved shapes?

Campylobacter spp. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical significance of Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Proteus spp.?

Gut pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for extremely short bacilli?

Coccobacilli Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria form long filaments or branched structures?

Borrelia spp. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes streptobacilli among the morphological arrangements of bacilli?

Occur in chains Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Salivary Glands and Tongue Anatomy

Sublingual caruncle is located at the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue.
Sublingual glands predominantly secrete mucous.
Mandibular salivary gland has a horseshoe shape.
Major sublingual salivary gland opens its duct at the sublingual caruncle.
Horses do not possess a major sublingual salivary gland.
Glossopharyngeal nerve carries taste sensation from the caudal third of the tongue.
Minor salivary glands primarily produce mucous secretions.
Minor salivary glands are scattered throughout the oral cavity.
Hypoglossal nerve provides motor innervation to intrinsic and extrinsic lingual muscles.
Major salivary glands responsible for most saliva production are the parotid glands.
Fungiform papillae are responsible for the mushroom-shaped appearance among taste bud-containing structures.
Trigeminal nerve supplies sensation of pain, temperature, and tactile perception to the rostral two-thirds of the tongue.
Salivary glands can be classified based on secretion types: serous, mucous, or mixed.
Vallate papillae contain taste buds responsible for the perception of bitterness.
Hypoglossal nerve innervates intrinsic and extrinsic lingual muscles.
Parotid salivary gland lies ventral to the ear.
Dogs possess well-developed parotid salivary glands.
Parotid duct commonly opens in the vestibule opposite the second upper molar in most animals.
Mandibular salivary gland is located medial to the parotid gland.
In ruminants, the parotid duct passes around the ventral margin of the mandible before opening.
In ruminants, the parotid salivary gland is located lateral to the auricular cartilage.
Sublingual salivary gland’s product predominantly features mucous secretion.
In cats, the duct of the parotid salivary gland passes over the lateral surface of the masseter muscle.
Major sublingual salivary gland is classified as compound tubuloacinar due to its duct structure.
Mandibular salivary gland opens alongside the major sublingual duct near the sublingual caruncle.
Vallate papillae are situated at the back of the tongue.
Vallate papillae function in the gustatory perception of taste.
Lingual artery is prominent on the ventral side of the tongue and used for venipuncture.
Facial nerve innervates the sense of taste to the rostral two-thirds of the tongue.
Zygomatic salivary gland is composed of aggregated buccal glands related to gustatory functions.

Oral Cavity Structure

The hard palate is composed of the palatine bones and maxilla.
In some species, such as rabbits, the mouth is relatively small compared to their long digestive tube.
Buccinator muscle helps form the cheeks and assists in positioning food back into the oral cavity.
Small papillae in ruminants aid in the mechanical breakdown of food.
Ruminants have dental pads that replace incisors and canines in the upper jaw.
The soft palate functions to separate the oral and nasal cavities during swallowing.
Buccal papillae enhance mechanical processing and mixing of food in the oral cavity.

Viral Pathogens and Characteristics

Herpes viruses can lead to a variety of infections including cold sores and genital herpes.
A characteristic of latent virus infections is the virus's ability to remain in a dormant state.
Antiviral agents function by inhibiting virus replication and reducing severity of infections.
Oncogenic viruses are also referred to as cancer-causing viruses.
Viruses differ from living cells primarily by lacking cellular structures and functions.
Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their nucleic acid, unlike bacteria which can have both.
The classification of viruses is often based on structural features, mode of replication, and type of nucleic acid.
Obligate intracellular parasites, such as viruses, rely on host cells for energy production.
Animal viruses are typically characterized by their ability to infect host cells in animal tissues.
Most viral genomes are either single-stranded or double-stranded nucleic acids.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
CD4 T-cells are the primary target for HIV infection.

Viroids and Bacteria

Infectious particles smaller than viruses can be viroids, which consist only of short RNA sequences.
Prions are infectious proteins that can cause fatal neurologic diseases in animals.
Some pathogens, like Clostridium difficile, are highly resistant to common disinfectants.
Bacteria are categorized into three basic shapes: cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral).
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized by its characteristic clustering arrangement resembling grape-like structures.
Streptococci are commonly found in chains due to their division in one plane.
Morphologically, Bacilli differ from Cocci in their rod-shaped form as opposed to rounded.
Mycoplasmas describe bacteria that lack a cell wall.
Average diameter of coccus bacteria is approximately 0.5 to 5 micrometers.
Mycoplasmas are unique due to their ability to survive without a rigid cell wall.
Photosynthetic bacteria, such as purple and green bacteria, contain specialized pigments.
Archaea, discovered in 1977, are genetically closer to eukaryotes compared to bacteria.
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a type that produces oxygen during the process.
Archaea thrive in extreme environments, including high-temperature hydrothermal vents and highly acidic lakes.
Mycoplasmas are distinct from most bacteria because they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Average size of bacillus bacteria varies, typically around 1 to 10 micrometers in length.
Curved-shaped bacteria examples include Vibrio and Campylobacter species.
Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Proteus species are medically significant due to their pathogenic potential.
Extremely short bacilli are termed coccobacilli.
Bacteria like Actinomyces may form long filamentous or branched structures.
Streptobacilli are distinguished among bacilli due to their arrangement in chains.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the gustatory and mechanical functions of different types of tongue papillae such as fungiform, vallate, and foliate. Learn about the characteristics and locations of these papillae along with their varying numbers in different species.