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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of filiform papillae?
What is the primary function of filiform papillae?
Where are fungiform papillae more densely located?
Where are fungiform papillae more densely located?
What is a notable feature of circumvallate papillae?
What is a notable feature of circumvallate papillae?
What role do Von Ebner's glands play in relation to circumvallate papillae?
What role do Von Ebner's glands play in relation to circumvallate papillae?
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How many taste buds are typically found in circumvallate papillae?
How many taste buds are typically found in circumvallate papillae?
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Which type of papillae are known for having parallel ridges and grooves?
Which type of papillae are known for having parallel ridges and grooves?
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What is the turnover rate for taste bud cells?
What is the turnover rate for taste bud cells?
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Which type of papillae is primarily involved in taste sensation and has a thin outer layer of keratinized epithelium?
Which type of papillae is primarily involved in taste sensation and has a thin outer layer of keratinized epithelium?
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What distinguishes the appearance of filiform papillae from other types?
What distinguishes the appearance of filiform papillae from other types?
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What is the most common site for squamous cell carcinomas in oropharyngeal cancers?
What is the most common site for squamous cell carcinomas in oropharyngeal cancers?
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Which condition is characterized by an overgrowth of cells creating elongated papillae on the tongue?
Which condition is characterized by an overgrowth of cells creating elongated papillae on the tongue?
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How can oral piercings impact oral hygiene?
How can oral piercings impact oral hygiene?
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What is a recommended treatment for black hairy tongue?
What is a recommended treatment for black hairy tongue?
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Which of the following factors can contribute to the appearance of black hairy tongue?
Which of the following factors can contribute to the appearance of black hairy tongue?
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Which type of lesion is most commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma?
Which type of lesion is most commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma?
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What is the function of the genioglossus muscle?
What is the function of the genioglossus muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for depressing the tongue?
Which muscle is responsible for depressing the tongue?
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Which of the following muscles originates from the hyoid bone?
Which of the following muscles originates from the hyoid bone?
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What action does the palatoglossus muscle perform?
What action does the palatoglossus muscle perform?
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The primary role of intrinsic muscles of the tongue is to:
The primary role of intrinsic muscles of the tongue is to:
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What is the origin point for the genioglossus muscle?
What is the origin point for the genioglossus muscle?
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What is a unique feature of the palatoglossus muscle compared to other extrinsic muscles?
What is a unique feature of the palatoglossus muscle compared to other extrinsic muscles?
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Which muscle helps form a concavity on the dorsal surface of the tongue?
Which muscle helps form a concavity on the dorsal surface of the tongue?
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Which muscle primarily assists in the retraction of the tongue?
Which muscle primarily assists in the retraction of the tongue?
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Styloglossus muscle blends with which other muscle?
Styloglossus muscle blends with which other muscle?
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What is the primary action of the Superior Longitudinal Muscle?
What is the primary action of the Superior Longitudinal Muscle?
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Which intrinsic muscle of the tongue primarily pulls the tip and sides downwards?
Which intrinsic muscle of the tongue primarily pulls the tip and sides downwards?
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Where do the fibers of the Transverse Muscle originate?
Where do the fibers of the Transverse Muscle originate?
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Which muscle is responsible for flattening and broadening the tongue?
Which muscle is responsible for flattening and broadening the tongue?
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What anatomical structure does the Inferior Longitudinal Muscle originate from?
What anatomical structure does the Inferior Longitudinal Muscle originate from?
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What is the main action of the Transverse Muscle in the tongue?
What is the main action of the Transverse Muscle in the tongue?
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Which of the following muscles does NOT alter the shape of the tongue?
Which of the following muscles does NOT alter the shape of the tongue?
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Which part of the tongue is supplied by the posterior sensory nerve?
Which part of the tongue is supplied by the posterior sensory nerve?
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Which intrinsic muscle acts to shorten the tongue?
Which intrinsic muscle acts to shorten the tongue?
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Which of the following functions does the Vertical Muscle NOT perform?
Which of the following functions does the Vertical Muscle NOT perform?
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Which nerve is responsible for sensory taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Which nerve is responsible for sensory taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
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What is the primary blood vessel supplying the tongue?
What is the primary blood vessel supplying the tongue?
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Which of the following accurately describes Geographic Tongue?
Which of the following accurately describes Geographic Tongue?
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What type of glossitis is characterized by inflammation and changes in surface texture?
What type of glossitis is characterized by inflammation and changes in surface texture?
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Which nerve provides motor supply to the majority of the muscles of the tongue?
Which nerve provides motor supply to the majority of the muscles of the tongue?
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Which condition is commonly managed by avoiding acidic and spicy foods?
Which condition is commonly managed by avoiding acidic and spicy foods?
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Which type of glossitis is specifically categorized as 'median rhomboid'?
Which type of glossitis is specifically categorized as 'median rhomboid'?
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Which vein is mainly responsible for draining blood from the tongue?
Which vein is mainly responsible for draining blood from the tongue?
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Palatoglossus muscle motor supply is provided by which nerve?
Palatoglossus muscle motor supply is provided by which nerve?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of glossitis?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of glossitis?
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Study Notes
Lingual Papillae
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Filiform papillae are numerous, rough, and located on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
- They lack taste buds and play a mechanical role in guiding food towards the pharynx for swallowing.
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Fungiform papillae are mushroom-shaped, scattered across the tongue, and are more prominent towards the tip and lateral surfaces.
- They are responsible for taste sensation due to the presence of taste buds.
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Circumvallate papillae are large, mushroom-shaped structures located immediately anterior to the sulcus terminalis.
- They contain hundreds of taste buds at their base.
- Von Ebner's glands secrete saliva into the trenches surrounding the circumvallate papillae, flushing out old tastes and introducing new ones.
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Foliate papillae are leaf-like structures found on the lateral borders of the tongue.
- They have a few taste buds present and contribute to taste sensation.
Taste Buds
- Taste buds are barrel-shaped organs comprised of 30-80 spindle-shaped cells.
- They are found on the surface of fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae.
- Taste bud cells turnover rapidly with an average lifespan of 10 days.
Muscles of the Tongue
- Muscles of the tongue are divided into two groups: extrinsic and intrinsic.
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Extrinsic muscles originate outside the tongue and insert into it, altering the position of the tongue.
- Genioglossus pulls the tongue forward for protrusion.
- Hyoglossus depresses the tongue and assists in retraction.
- Palatoglossus lifts the tongue, closing the mouth from the pharynx.
- Styloglossus draws the tongue upward and backward.
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Intrinsic muscles are entirely contained within the tongue and change its shape.
- Superior Longitudinal Muscle shortens the tongue and turns its tip and sides upward.
- Inferior Longitudinal Muscle shortens the tongue and pulls its tip and sides downward.
- Vertical Muscle flattens and broadens the tongue.
- Transverse Muscle narrows and lengthens the tongue.
Nerve Innervation and Blood Supply
- The tongue has both sensory and motor innervation.
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Sensory and Taste:
- Posterior 1/3: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
- Anterior 2/3: Lingual Nerve (Trigeminal Nerve V)
- Taste: Chorda Tympani (Facial Nerve VII) & Lingual Nerve
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Motor Supply:
- Hypoglossal nerve (XII) except for the Palatoglossus which is supplied by the Vagus nerve (X)
- Palatoglossus also receives innervation from the lingual nerve.
- Blood supply to the tongue is primarily through the Lingual Artery, a branch of the external carotid artery.
- The deep lingual artery branches from the lingual artery.
- Venous drainage is through the Lingual Vein, which connects to the deep lingual veins.
Tongue 'Abnormal' Appearance
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Geographic Tongue is a benign condition characterized by smooth, irregular red patches and white wavy lines on the tongue.
- Depapillation causes the smooth patches.
- The appearance resembles a map, leading to the name 'geographic'.
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Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue, causing swelling, redness, and changes in surface texture.
- Causes include anemia, celiac disease, trauma, allergic reactions, and infections.
- Different types include acute, chronic, atrophic, and median rhomboid glossitis.
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Tongue Piercings can contribute to poor oral hygiene and damage to teeth.
- Calculus can build up on the piercing site.
- Acrylic balls used in piercings can help reduce the risk of tooth wear.
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Black Hairy Tongue occurs when cell overgrowth causes elongated papillae.
- Food, bacteria, and yeast become trapped, leading to discoloration.
- Smoking, antibiotics, and radiation therapy can also contribute to this condition.
- Treated by cleaning and lifestyle changes.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 95% of oropharyngeal cancers.
- The tongue is the most common site, with 40% occurring on the posterior lateral border or ventral surface.
- This condition is covered in more detail later during dental specialties training.
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Description
This quiz covers the various types of lingual papillae, including filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate. Each type's structure and role in taste sensation are explored, as well as the function of taste buds in the human mouth. Test your knowledge of these essential components of taste and anatomy!
